ACUTE

GASTROENTERITIS
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 INTRODUCTION AND
RISK FACTORS
05 DRUG STUDY
ASHARY AND DELA CRUZ
MONTERO

02 VACALARES
DISEASE PROCESS 06 TREATMENT
MANLANGI
T
NURSING CARE
03 SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS 07 ABRAHAM AND CAILING
PLAN (ATLEAST 5)
LUMASAG

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
04 PANGANDONGAN
LABORATORY 08 SIAHAAN
(ATLEAST 5)
 ACCORDING TO THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND
PREVENTION (CDC), ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS IS AN
EXTREMELY COMMON ILLNESS AMONG INFANTS AND
CHILDREN
AND WORLDWIDE.
GASTRO, ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS
THE FLAMMATION OF THE ALSO
KNOWN AS INFECTIOUS
GASTROINTESTINAL DIARRHEASTOMACH
TRACT—THE
AND INTESTINE, IT IS A RAPID ONSET, WITH
OR WITHOUT NAUSEA, VOMITING, FEVER, OR
ABDOMINAL PAIN.
 RISK FACTORS
INFECTIOUS UNSANITARY WATER
AGENTS AND ENVIRONMENT
THE INFECTIOUS ORGANISM THIS CONDITION IS
MAY BE SALMONELLA, PREVALENT IN AREAS
ESCHERICHIA COLI, DYSENTERY LACKING ADEQUATE CLEAN
BACILLI, AND VARIOUS WATER AND SANITARY
VIRUSES,MOST NOTABLY CONTAMINATED
FACILITIES. FOOD
ROTAVIRUSES. MANY DIARRHEAL
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA DISTURBANCES IN CHILDREN
SUCH AS IN A ARE CAUSED BY
TROPICAL ISLANDS. CONTAMINATED FOOD, HUMAN,
OR ANIMAL FECAL WASTE
THROUGH THE ORAL-FECAL
COMPROMISED ANTIBIOTIC
ROUTE. THERAPY
IMMUNE SYSTEM DIARRHEA MAY ALSO BE
LEAVES THE CHILD CAUSED BY ANTIBIOTIC
VULNERABLE TO THERAPY
GASTROENTERITIS
EG. AIDS
 DISEASE
PROCESS
01 02
ACUTE VIRUSES BACTERIA
GASTROENTERITIS INFECTIOUS AGENTS INFECTIOUS AGENTS
INFECTIOUS
DISEASE ON A MOLECULAR LEVEL,
• CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
AGENTS AFFECT THE
INTERSTITIAL LUMEN BY • NONTYPHOID SALMONELLA SPP
ACTIVATING ENTEROCYTE
INTRACELLULAR SIGNAL • ENTEROPATHOGENIC
TRANSDUCTION, AFFECTING
THE CYTOSKELETON OF THE ESCHERICHIA COLI
HOST CELLS. THIS WILL ALTER
THE WATER AND ELECTROLYTE
• ROTAVIRUSES • SHIGELLA SPP
FLUXES ACROSS THE PROTOZOA
ENTEROCYTES. 
• NOROVIRUSES (NORWALK- • YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA
INFECTIOUS AGENTS
LIKE
•• SHIGA
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM
TOXIN PRODUCING E COLI
VIRUSES)
•• SALMONELLA
GIARDIA LAMBLIATYPHI AND S
• ENTERIC ADENOVIRUSES PARATYPHI
 HELMINTHS 05
03 04
INFECTIOUS AGENTS RESERVOIRS PORTAL OF MODE OF
• STRONGYLOIDES INFECTION TRANSMISSION
STERCORALIS
VIRAL INFECTIONS DAMAGE • HUMANS
• INTESTINES • FAECAL-ORAL
SMALL BOWEL ENTEROCYTES AND
CAUSE LOW GRADE FEVER AND • FOOD ROUTE
WATERY DIARRHOEA WITHOUT • STOMACH
BLOOD. • WATER • UNDERCOOKED
, OR
BACTERIAL PATHOGENS SUCH AS
CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI AND
SALMONELLA SPP INVADE THE INAPPROPRIATELY
LINING OF THE SMALL AND LARGE
INTESTINE AND TRIGGER STORED
INFLAMMATION. BACTERIAL COOKED OR
PATHOGENS OCCASIONALLY
SPREAD SYSTEMICALLY, PROCESSED
ESPECIALLY IN YOUNG CHILDREN. MEATS

(CHICKEN,
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
GASTROENTERITIS IS USUALLY
CAUSED BY A VIRAL, BACTERIAL, OR
PARASITIC INFECTION. THE
INFECTION CAUSES A COMBINATION
OF VOMITING, DIARRHEA,
ABDOMINAL CRAMPS, FEVER, AND  VOMITI  FEV
POOR APPETITE, WHICH CAN LEAD NG ER
TO DEHYDRATION. THE CHILD’S
SYMPTOMS AND HISTORY OF  DIARRH  POOR
EXPOSURE HELP THE DOCTOR EA
CONFIRM THE DIAGNOSIS.
GASTROENTERITIS IS BEST APPETITE
 ABDOMI
PREVENTED BY ENCOURAGING NAL
CHILDREN AND THEIR CARETAKERS
TO WASH THEIR HANDS AND CRAMPS
TEACHING THEM TO AVOID
IMPROPERLY STORED FOODS AND
CONTAMINATED WATER. FLUIDS
THE MOST COMMON SYMPTOMS
OF GASTROENTERITIS,  WATERY, USUALLY
REGARDLESS OF CAUSE, ARE NONBLOODY DIARRHEA
VOMITING AND DIARRHEA.
GASTROENTERITIS RESULTING — BLOODY DIARRHEA
FROM AN INFECTION CAN ALSO USUALLY MEANS
CAUSE FEVER. ABDOMINAL PAIN
IS ALSO COMMON. YOU HAVE A DIFFERENT,
GASTROENTERITIS, ON THE
OTHER HAND, ATTACKS YOUR MORE SEVERE
INTESTINES, CAUSING SIGNS
AND SYMPTOMS, SUCH AS: INFECTION.

 ABDOMINAL CRAMPS AND

PAIN.

 NAUSEA, VOMITING OR
 • TOUCHING OR EATING CONTAMINATED FOODS, PARTICULARLY RAW
CHILDREN CAN ORINADEQUATELY COOKED MEATS
CONTRACT
BACTERIAL OR EGGS.
GASTROENTERITIS
BY: • EATING CONTAMINATED SHELLFISH.

• DRINKING UNPASTEURIZED MILK OR JUICE.

• TOUCHING ANIMALS THAT CARRY CERTAIN BACTERIA.

• SWALLOWING CONTAMINATED WATER, SUCH AS FROM WELLS,

STREAMS, AND SWIMMING POOLS.
 LABORATORY
TEST
• BLOOD TESTS FOR; FBC, RENAL FUNCTION
BLOOD TEST AND ELECTROLYTES CAN ALSO BE DONE TO
• RULE
BLOODANY SYSTEMIC
CULTURE EFFECTS.
IF GIVING
ANTIBIOTICS THERAPY.

COMPLETE BLOOD IRON PERIPHERAL

COUNT DEFICIENCY BLOOD

ANEMIA EOSINOPHILIA
STOOL • SHOULD BE PERFORMED TO RULE OUT
EXAMINATION • PARASITIC INFESTATION.STEATORRHEA
MILD-TO-MODERATE IS
PRESENT APPROXIMATELY 30% OF PATIENTS.
 STOOL
EXAMINATION
STOOL • FOUL SMELL STOOL MEANS MALABSORPTION.
EXAMINATION • NEUTROPHIL IN STOOL INDICATED
• BACTERIAL
EOSINOPHILINFECTION.
MEANS PARASITIC
• INFECTION.
GROSS BLOOD IN STOOL MEANS SHIGELLA AND
CAMPYLOBACTER.

• ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN IN A 24-H FECES

• COLLECTION.
FECAL IDENTIFY THE INABILITY TO DIGEST AND ABSORB
PROTEINS IN GI TRACT.
PROTEIN TEST • THE NORMAL VALUE IS 0-54
• MG/DL.
PATIENTS WITH EOSINOPHILIC GASTROENTERITIS
HAVE ELEVATED ALPHA1- ANTITRYPSIN IN THEIR
FECES.
 LABORATORIES
DIAGNOSIS BACTERIAL
VIRAL • MICROSCOPY
• STOOL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
• STOOL CULTURE
• PCR TO DETERMINE THE VIRAL
• EBIOCHEMICAL
GENOME. ROTAVIRUS REACTIONS
• ELISA TO DETECT VIRAL
• ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TO DETECT. •
SEROLOGICAL
ANTIGENS IN STOOL.
TYPING
• ROTAVIRUSROTAVIRUS WILL NOT GROW IN
• LATEX AGGLUTINATION FOR CULTURE.
TISSUE
VIRAL ANTIGENS.
 DRUG STUDY
THE CRITERIA FOR
CONSIDERING ANTIBIOTIC

TREATMENT INCLUDE:

• CLINICAL
THE FEATURES,
GUIDELINES FOR THE
TREATMENT OF ACUTE
•DIARRHEA
HOST-RELATED
IN & SETTING-
CHILDREN
RELATED
STATE THAT THE USE OF
ANTIBIOTICS
CONDITIONSIS NOT NEEDED
ROUTINELY BUT ONLY FOR
SPECIFIC
• ETIOLOGYPATHOGENS OR IN
DEFINED CLINICAL SETTINGS.
CLINICAL INDICATIONS FOR
ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
INCLUDE TOXIC STATE OR
SIGNS OF INVASIVE
INFECTION (TABLE 1). THESE
SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS
FEVER PER SE DOES NOT REQUIRE ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY BUT NEEDS TO BE
CONSIDERED IN A MORE GLOBAL CLINICAL EVALUATION. IT MAY INDICATE
DEHYDRATION BUT ALSO SPREADING OF INTESTINAL INFECTION. THIS COULD BE
CONFIRMED BY AN INCREASE OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS SUCH AS C-REACTIVE
PROTEIN.
DYSENTERY PRESENTATION WITH ABDOMINAL PAIN AND MUCOID OR BLOODY
STOOLS HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH A BACTERIAL ETIOLOGY (CAMPYLOBACTER,
SALMONELLA, SHIGELLA, YERSINIA). IN THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES, ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
SHOULD BE PROVIDED AT LEAST IN COUNTRIES WHERE THE MORTALITY RATE IS
CONSISTENT OR WITH LIMITED HEALTHCARE FACILITIES, ACCORDING TO THE WHO.
MICROBIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION SHOULD ALWAYS BE OBTAINED IN DYSENTERIC
DIARRHEA, BUT, IN SEVERE CASES, EMPIRIC THERAPY SHOULD BE STARTED WHILE
AWAITING THE RESULTS. FINALLY, A PROLONGED COURSE OF DIARRHEA IN A CHILD
WHO IS LOSING WEIGHT ALSO REQUIRES MICROBIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION AND
OCCASIONALLY EMPIRICAL ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT. PROLONGED DIARRHEA MAY BE
CAUSED BY A PROLIFERATION OF INTESTINAL BACTERIA IN THE PROXIMAL
INTESTINE, SO-CALLED SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH (SIBO).
ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY IS ALWAYS
RECOMMENDED FOR CULTURE-
PROVEN (OR EVEN SUSPECTED)
SHIGELLA GASTROENTERITIS.
ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY OF SHIGELLOSIS
HAS TWO PURPOSES: REDUCING
SYMPTOMS AND STERILIZING THE
SOURCE OF SPREADING, SINCE
HUMANS ARE THE ONLY HOST OF
SHIGELLA. HOWEVER, EFFECTIVE
CHILDREN
TREATMENT OFWITH NON-TYPHOIDAL
SHIGELLOSIS IS COM-
SALMONELLA
PLICATED BY THE GASTROENTERITIS
EMERGENCE OF
SHOULD
STRAINS NOT BE TREATED
RESISTANT ROUTINELY
TO AMPICILLIN,
WITH ANTIBIOTICS BECAUSE
TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE,
TREATMENT IS NOT EFFECTIVE ON
AND TETRACYCLINE.
SYMPTOMS AND DOES NOT PREVENT
COMPLICATIONS; IN ADDITION, THE
USE OF ANTIBIOTICS MAY BE
ASSOCIATED WITH A PROLONGED
FECAL EXCRETION OF SALMONELLA.
ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY FOR
CAMPYLOBACTER GASTROENTERITIS
IS RECOMMENDED MAINLY FOR THE
DYSENTERIC FORM AND TO REDUCE
 TREATMENT PHARMALOGICAL
MEDICAL
ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION. VACCINE.
THE AAP, ESPGAN, AND WHO ALL IN FEBRUARY 2006, THE US FOOD AND DRUG
RECOMMEND ORAL REHYDRATION ADMINISTRATION (FDA) APPROVED THE
SOLUTION (ORS) AS THE TREATMENT OF ROTATEQ VACCINE FOR THE PREVENTION OF
CHOICE FOR CHILDREN WITH MILD-TO- ROTAVIRUS GASTROENTERITIS.
MODERATE GASTROENTERITIS IN FEEDING.
NASOGASTRIC BOTH METRONIDAZOLE.
DEVELOPED AND
FOR PATIENTS DEVELOPING
WHO COUNTRIES.
DO NOT TOLERATE ORS METRONIDAZOLE IS RECOMMENDED AS THE
BY MOUTH, NASOGASTRIC (NG) FEEDING IS TREATMENT OF CHOICE FOR MILD-TO-
A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE. MODERATE CASES OF C DIFFICILE COLITIS.
IV REHYDRATION.
IV ACCESS SHOULD BE OBTAINED IN ANTIEMETICS
SEVERE DEHYDRATION AND PATIENTS . REVIEW OF 7 RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED
A
SHOULD BE ADMINISTERED A BOLUS OF 20- TRIALS IN CHILDREN FOUND THAT ORAL
30 ML/KG LACTATED RINGER (LR) OR ONDANSETRON REDUCED VOMITING AND
NORMAL SALINE (NS) SOLUTION OVERDIET. 60 THE NEED FOR INTRAVENOUS (IV)
IN GENERAL,
MINUTES. CHILDREN WITH REHYDRATION AND HOSPITAL ADMISSION,
GASTROENTERITIS SHOULD BE RETURNED IV ONDANSETRON AND METOCLOPRAMIDE
TO A NORMAL DIET AS RAPIDLY AS REDUCED THE NUMBER OF EPISODES OF
POSSIBLE; EARLY FEEDING REDUCES VOMITING AND HOSPITAL ADMISSION, AND
ILLNESS DURATION AND IMPROVES DIMENHYDRINATE SUPPOSITORY REDUCED
 NURSING CARE PLAN (01)
NURSING NURSING EXPECTED
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOS PLANNING INTERVENTIONS RATIONALE OUTCOME
IS
1. SUBJECTIV Diarrhea The child’s • Obtain baseline vital signs and • Fluid and electrolyte The child’s
E DATA related to bowel function monitor every 2–4 hours. imbalances can alter vital bowel function
Verbalized by the infectious will be • Observe stools for amount, body functions. returns to
SO. process restored to color, consistency, odor, and • Aids in the diagnosis and in normal.
normal. frequency. monitoring the child’s status.
2. OBJECTIVE • Test stools for occult blood. • Frequent defecation and
DATA some infectious organisms
• Increased bowel can cause bleeding.
sound/ • Monitor results of stool culture • Rapid notification of the
peristalsis and sample for ova and physician will facilitate
• Frequent and parasites. treatment.
often severe • Wash hands well before and • Helps prevent transmission
mushy stools after contact with the child. of microorganisms.
• Changes in • Isolate the child until the cause • Prevents exposure of other
stool color of the diarrhea is determined. patients and staff.
• Sunken eye • Assist the child with toileting • The child may be weak or
balls and hygiene. anxious and need assistance
• Poor skin turgor to use the bathroom.
• Pain scale • Administer prescribed oral • Provides necessary fluids
DIAGNOSTIC/L rehydration and intravenous and nutrients.
AB TEST solutions. • Ensures early intervention.
• Stool • Notify the physician if diarrhea
Examination persists, stool characteristics
change, or other symptoms of
 NURSING CARE PLAN (02)
NURSING NURSING EXPECTED
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOS PLANNING INTERVENTIONS RATIONALE OUTCOME
IS
1. SUBJECTIV Fluid The child will • Monitor intake and output. • Will determine if output exceeds The child has
E DATA Volume remain Be sure to document time input. Long periods of time without normal fluid and
• Weak Deficit hydrated and of each voiding. urine output can be an early electrolyte
verbalized by related to will begin to indicator of poor renal function. A balance as
the SO. active fluid drink fluids child should produce 1 mL of indicated by
• Nausea volume loss within • Compare admission weight urine/kg/hr. laboratory
24 hours of to preadmission weight. • The degree of dehydration can be evaluation and
admission. Assess weight daily. determined by the percentage of physical
2. OBJECTIVE weight loss. Daily weights aid in examination.
DATA • Assess level of determining progress toward
BP 45/30 mmHg consciousness, skin turgor, rehydration.
• Cool mucous membranes, skin • Will determine degree of hydration
extremities color and temperature, and adequacy of interventions.
• Anterior capillary refill, eyes, and
fontanelle fontanels every 4 hours.
markedly • Assess for vomiting.
depressed and • Vomiting frequently accompanies
eyes were • Provide oral fluid and diarrhea and contributes to the
sunken electrolyte replacement child’s fluid loss.
• Tongue and solution if able to tolerate. • Less invasive than IV fluids.
buccal mucosa • Provide and maintain IV Provides for replacement of
were dry replacement therapy, as essential fluids and electrolytes.
• Weight 9 kg ordered. • Use of IV replacement is based on
• Respiratory the degree of dehydration, ongoing
 NURSING CARE PLAN (03)
NURSING NURSING EXPECTED
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTION RATIONALE OUTCOME
S
1. SUBJECTIV Risk for Impaired The child will remain • Assess skin of • Early assessment The child’s perianal and
E DATA Skin Integrity free of skin breakdown perineum and and intervention rectal
• Verbalization related to altered and rashes. rectum for signs of can prevent tissue remains pink and
of pain fluid status skin breakdown or worsening of the intact.
• Sleep irritation. condition.
disturbance • Provide
• Rashes noted prevention care for
at the back infants as follows:
• Pain scale • Change diapers
every 2 hours or as • Minimizes skin
needed. contact with
2. OBJECTIVE chemical irritants
DATA • Use cloth diapers from stool and
• Poor skin turgor rather than urine.
disposable. • Minimizes the
mechanical and
chemical
• Wash diaper area irritation from
after each soiling. disposables.
• Apply A & D • Removes traces
ointment. of stool if
present.
• Provides a
barrier and
 NURSING CARE PLAN (04)
NURSING NURSING EXPECTED
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSI PLANNING INTERVENTIONS RATIONALE OUTCOME
S
1. SUBJECTIV Knowledge After 3 hours of • Determine the mother’s • Establishes knowledge base After 3 days
E DATA deficient nursing perception of disease process. and provides some insight of nursing
• Purchasing over regarding intervention on the into the individual learning intervention
the counter drug condition, patient’s parent/ • Review disease process needs. the goal was
without prognosis, watcher will: cause/ effect relationship of • Precipitating / aggravating met. The
consulting the treatment self- • Verbalize factors that precipitate factors are individual: patient’s
physician. care and understanding symptoms and identify ways therefore, the mother needs to watcher
discharge of disease to reduce contributing be aware of what foods, verbalized
needs as processes factors. fluids, and lifestyle factors understanding
2. OBJECTIVE related to possible can precipitate symptoms. of disease
DATA unfamiliarity complications Accurate knowledge base processes,
• Lack of source with resources provides opportunity for the and possible
of information and mother to make informed complications
• Hostile information decisions choices about .
behaviour misinterpretati future and control of chronic
toward staff on disease. Although most
• Performs newly others know about their own
learned tasks disease process, they may
inaccurately have outdated information or
• Low self-esteem • Review medications purpose misconceptions.
frequency, dosage and • Promotes understanding and
possible side effects. may enhance cooperation
with regimen.
• Promotes understanding
 NURSING NURSING EXPECTED
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSI PLANNING INTERVENTIONS RATIONALE OUTCOME
S
• Stress importance of good • Reduces spread of bacteria
skin care, e.g proper hand and risk of skin irritation/
washing techniques and breakdown, infection.
perineal skin care. • Patient with inflammatory
• Emphasize need for long term bowel disease are at risk for
follow-up and periodic colon/ rectal cancer
reevaluation. diagnostic evaluations may
be required.
 NURSING CARE PLAN (05)
NURSING NURSING EXPECTED
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTIONS RATIONALE OUTCOME
1. SUBJECTIV Imbalanced After 24 hours of INDEPENDENT Client will have an
E DATA Nutrition: Less nursing intervention • Measure the client • This will accurately increase nutritional
• Anorexia Than Body client will have an weight. monitor the response intake and absence of
• Inadequate Requirements increase nutritional to the therapy. nausea an vomiting.
food intake related to nausea intake and absence • These data will help
and vomiting of nausea an • Monitor and record the in initiating nursing
vomiting. number of vomiting, actions and
2. OBJECTIVE amount and frequency. subsequent
DATA treatment.
• Perceived • Monitor the client • To determine the
inability to food intake. amount of food that
ingest food is consumed.
COLLABORATIVE
• Provide a diverse diet
recording to his needs. • This will stimulate
• Provide parenteral the appetite of the
fluids, as ordered. client.
• Refer to dietitian if • To ensure adequate
indicated. fluid and electrolyte
levels.
• Collaboration with
the dietitian in order
to guide the client
proper nutrition.
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
REDUCE INFECTION TRANSMISSION. ALL CAREGIVERS MUST WEAR
GOWNS; GLOVES ARE USED WHEN HANDLING ARTICLES
CONTAMINATED WITH FECES; PLACE CONTAMINATED LINENS AND
CLOTHING IN SPECIALLY MARKED CONTAINERS TO BE PROCESSED
ACCORDING TO FACILITY POLICY; VISITORS ARE LIMITED TO FAMILY
ONLY; TEACH THE FAMILY CAREGIVERS THE PRINCIPLES OF ASEPTIC
TECHNIQUE AND OBSERVE THEM; AND GOOD HANDWASHING MUST
BE CARRIED OUT.

PROMOTE SKIN INTEGRITY. TO REDUCE IRRITATION AND

EXCORIATION OF THE BUTTOCKS AND GENITAL AREA, CLEANSE
THOSE AREAS FREQUENTLY AND APPLY A SOOTHING PROTECTIVE
PREPARATION SUCH AS LANOLIN A OR D OINTMENT; CHANGE DIAPERS
AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE, AND PLACING DISPOSABLE PADS UNDER
THE INFANT CAN FACILITATE EASY AND FREQUENT CHANGING.

PREVENT DEHYDRATION. CAREFULLY COUNT DIAPERS AND WEIGH

THEM TO DETERMINE THE INFANT’S OUTPUT ACCURATELY; MEASURE
MAINTAIN ADEQUATE NUTRITION. WEIGH THE CHILD
DAILY ON THE SAME SCALE; TAKE MEASUREMENTS IN THE
EARLY MORNING BEFORE THE MORNING FEEDING;
MONITOR THE INTAKE AND OUTPUT STRICTLY; GOOD
MOUTH CARE IS ESSENTIAL WHEN THE CHILD IS NPO;
WHEN ORAL FLUIDS ARE STARTED, THE CHILD IS GIVEN
ORAL REPLACEMENT SOLUTIONS; AFTER THE CHILD
TOLERATES THESE SOLUTIONS, HALF-STRENGTH FORMULA
MAY BE INTRODUCED.

MAINTAIN BODY TEMPERATURE. MONITOR VITAL SIGNS

AT LEAST EVERY 2 HOURS IF THERE IS FEVER; FOLLOW
APPROPRIATE PROCEDURES FOR FEVER REDUCTION, AND
ADMINISTER ANTIPYRETICS AND ANTIBIOTICS AS
PRESCRIBED.
THANK
YOU! GROUP 4
ABRAHAM/ASHARY/CAILI
NG/DELA
CRUZ/LUMASAG/MANLAN
GIT/MONTERO/PANGAND
ONGAN/SIAHAAN/VACAL
ARES
 REFERENCES

https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/digestive-disorders-in-
children/gastroenteritis-in-

children#:~:text=Gastroenteritis%20is%20usually%20caused%20by,which%20can%20lead
%20to%20dehydration

https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/gastroenteritis-nursing-
care-plans/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323201794_Antibiotic_treatment_of_acute_gastroent
eritis_in_children

https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/gastroenteritis-in-children.html

https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/gastroenteritis-nursing-