Edgar Garavito Rodríguez, M.D.

Selection of B cells by antigen (clonal selection)

Different types of B cells have

different receptor molecules.

When a pathogen (germ) “locks o

n” to a receptor, that type of B cell
is selected.

The selected B cell divides

rapidly to make lots of copies of
itself. The copies make lots of
antibodies against the pathogen.
 IMMUNOGLOBULINS

2 Heavy chains

2 Light chains

2 Binding domains (Fab)

(Fraction of antigen Binding)

1 Effector domain (Fc)

(Fraction Crystalline)

1 Hinge region
1012 108
 IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Light Chain
Variable Light (VL)
Constant Light (CL)

Heavy Chain
Variable Heavy (VH)
Constant Heavy 1 (CH1)
Constant Heavy 2 (CH2)
Constant Heavy 3 (CH3)
Constant Heavy 4 (CH4)
 HV1 HV2
HV3

HV3

HV1
HV2
 Variable Heavy Domain

Variable Light Domain

FR1 FR2 FR3 FR4

HR1 HR2 HR3

HR= CDR (Complementary Determing Region)

FR1 FR2 FR3 FR4

HR1 HR2 HR3
Intermolecular attractive forces

Hydrogen Bonding

Electrostatic

Van der Waals

Hydrophobic
 VH
VL
CH1
CL

Fc Region
CH2

CH3
Effector Functions

•Complement Activation
•Bound to FC receptors
•Insert in Plasma Membrane
•Transport (Placenta,
Mucosal Surfaces)
•Half Live
Heavy Chains

Antibody Classes
Isotypes

2 Isotypes
IgA1,IgA2

4 Isotypes L
IgG1-4 K

Light Chains
Kappa Lambda
Polymeric Immunoglobulins

IgM Pentamer IgA Dimer

J chain
J chain
 Antibodies
Function and Characteristics
Immunoglobulin

Heavy Chain

Serum Level [mg/ml-1]

Half live

Complement Activation

Transport across
Placenta

Opsonization

Bind to Mast cells

Transport across
mucosal barriers
Opsonization
Abul Abbas Andrew H. Lichtman Shiv Pillai. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 9th
Edition.2017
https://www.hcmarbella.com/es/que-hacer-si-me-pongo-enfermo-con-covid-19/
Si solo la banda IgM es positiva?
Si solo la banda IgG es positiva?