Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1.building Construction
1.building Construction
1.building Construction
CONSTRUCTION
Charuni Wijerathne
BSc Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya
MSc WREM, University of Moratuwa
AMIESL, AMICE
THATCHED CURRENT
Building
We spend (live, work, sleep etc. ) most of our time
in buildings.
OFFICE BUILDING
HOSPITAL BUILDING
SCHOOL BUILDING
Height
SHELL STRUCTURE
Structural Material
STEEL STRUCTURE
MASONRY STRUCTURE
TIMBER STRUCTURE
Type of Construction
Windows:
• It is usual practice to number the windows as
W1, W2, w3 etc.
• Window positions are shown approximately on
the floor plans relative to walls.
Room Names & Notes
A name should be given to each room or space.
• On large projects room numbers should be
provided.
• Notes should be kept to a minimum.
• Lettering should be easy to read.
A Typical Floor Plan
A Typical Toilet
Sections
A section is a view of a building making an
imaginary cut through it.:
• A vertical section through a building will show
details of the construction of the foundations,
walls, floor, roof and other parts.
• No. of sections required depends on the size and
complexity – at least two along the length and
width.
• Sections provide overall vertical dimensions and
levels.
A Typical Cross Section
Elevations
An elevation is a view of the building looking in a
horizontal direction:
• Elevations provide details of the external faces of
the building.
• Locate the door and window openings and other
features of the building.
A Typical Front Elevation
Foundation Plan
A foundation plan is sectioned at the foundation
level, depicting the details of various types of
foundations provided for the building. A building
may contain the following types of foundations:
• Strip footings for walls.
• Rectangular RCC footings for columns.
• Combined RCC footings.
• Strap footings.
• Raft foundations.
Foundation Plan
GRID LINES
Rubble Masonry Foundations for Walls
Rectangular Pad Footings
Strap Footing for Two Columns
Combined Footing
Raft Foundation
Structural Floor Plan
A structural plan of a typical floor should contain:
• Floor level.
• Slab type / slab thickness.
• Slab reinforcement details.
• Layout / Details of beams.
• Column locations.
Reinforcement Identification
Standard abbreviations are used to provide
information about the reinforcements.:
• R - mild steelround bars.
• T - high tensile strength (tor steel) bars.
• T1/B1 - reinforcement near the top and bottom
face of the concrete respectively.
Ex. 21T10 – 10 – 200T1 means there are 21 bars of
high tensile steel of diameter 10mm with a bar
mark 10 space 200mm apart near the top face of
concrete.
Structural Floor Plan
Roof or Terrace Plan
The terrace plan is the plan at the roof level
showing:
• Terrace plan at the roof level.
• Roof details (material / slope angle / sloping
direction etc.).
Roof or Terrace Plan
Building Services
Special details of building services should be given
on a layout plan of the building:
• Electrical wiring layout.
• Cold water and sewerage pipe layouts.
A Typical Electrical Wiring Layout