Advance Engineering Mathematics

ECE 321
 INVERSE LAPLACE
From   L{f(t)}=F(s), the value   f(t)  is called the inverse Laplace
transform of F(s). In symbol,
  −𝟏
𝑳 { 𝑭 ( 𝒔) }= 𝒇 ( 𝒕 )
 
Where is called the inverse laplace transform operator
 INVERSE LAPLACE
Laplace Inverse Laplace Example
Transform transform
 INVERSE LAPLACE
Laplace Inverse Laplace Example
Transform transform
 Properties of Inverse Laplace
A. Linearity property
  −1 3 𝑠
Ex.1 𝐿 { 2 +2
𝑠 [ 2
𝑠 +3
2]}

  f
 Properties of Inverse Laplace

  3 𝑠 −5
Ex.2 𝐿
−1
{ 2
𝑠 −7 }  
From L
  f  
L
 
Where
  ft

  ft
 Properties of Inverse Laplace

  19 1 7
Ex.3 𝐿
−1
{ − + 5
𝑠+2 3 𝑠 − 5 𝑠 }
  f

It’s your time to find out the solution

Inverse Laplace by completing the squares
We can also find the inverse laplace of a transform with binomials
  2
𝐿
−1
{ 2
𝑠 +4 𝑠+ 8 }
Complete the square at the denominator
  2 2 2
𝐿
−1
{ 2
𝑠 +4 𝑠+ 8 }
= 2
𝑠 + 4 𝑠 +4+ 4
= 2
( 𝑠+2 ) + 4

Use inverse Laplace of the first shifting theorem

 𝑓 ( 𝑡 )= 𝑒− 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑡
Inverse Laplace by completing the squares
Ex. 2
  1 −3 𝑠
𝐿
−1
{ 2
𝑠 +8 𝑠 +21 }
Complete the square at the denominator
  1 −3 𝑠 1 −3 𝑠 1 −3 𝑠
𝐿
−1
{ 2
𝑠 +8 𝑠 +21 }
= 2
𝑠 +8 𝑠+16+5
= 2
( 𝑠+ 4 ) +5

Since the denominator has s function equal to s+4, it should also be

included in the numerator
  1 − 3 ( 𝑠 +4 − 4 ) Note: +4-4=0 has no numerical
𝑓 ( 𝑡 )= 2
𝑠 +8 𝑠 +16 +5 effect
Inverse Laplace by completing the squares
Ex. 2
  1 − 3 ( 𝑠 +4 ) +12 Move -4 out of the parenthesis
𝑓 ( 𝑡 )=
( 𝑠+ 4 )2 +5

  13 − 3 ( 𝑠+4 ) 13 𝑠+ 4
𝑓 ( 𝑡 )= = −3
( 𝑠+ 4 )2 +5 2
( 𝑠 +4 ) +5 ( 𝑠+ 4 )2 +5

  5 −4𝑡
𝑓 ( 𝑡 )=13 √ 𝑒 −4 𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛 √ 5𝑡 −3 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠 √ 5 𝑡
5
Inverse Laplace by completing the squares
Ex. 3
  3 𝑠 −2
𝐿
−1
{ 2
2 𝑠 − 6 𝑠 −2 }
  −1 3 𝑠 −2 3 𝑠 −2 3𝑠−2
𝐿
{
2
2 𝑠 − 6 𝑠 −2
= 2 }
2( 𝑠 −3 𝑠 −1)
=
2
( 9
2 𝑠 − 3 𝑠+ −
13
)
4 4
  3𝑠−2 1 3 𝑠 −2
¿ =
9 13 2 3 2
13
(2
2 𝑠 − 3 𝑠+ −
4 4
𝑠−
2) (
−
4)
Inverse Laplace by completing the squares
Process the numerator
  3 3 3 9
𝑓 ( 𝑡 )=
1 3 𝑠 −2
=
1(3 𝑠− +
2 2
−2
=
1 )
3 𝑠−(2 )
+ −2
2
2 2 2
2 3 13 2 3 13 2 3 13
( 𝑠−
2 ) −
4 ( 𝑠−
2
− )4
𝑠−(2 )−
4

  3 9 4 3 5
𝑓 ( 𝑡 )=
1 (
3 𝑠−
2
+ −
2) 2
=
1
3 𝑠− (2
+
2 )
2 2
2 3 13 2 3 13
(
𝑠−
2
− ) 4 (
𝑠−
2
−
4 )
Inverse Laplace by completing the squares
Individualize the transform
 
3 5 3 5
𝑓 𝑡 =
( ) 1
2
3 𝑠−

𝑠−
3
2
2
2

( −
+
2
13
4
(=
1
2
)
)
{ 3
3 𝑠− (
2
13
+ 2
(
3
) )
13
(𝑠− 2 ) − 4 (𝑠− 2 ) − 4
2
2
}
Take the inverse laplace transform
  5 1
3 3
3 𝑡 13 2 2 𝑡 13
𝑓 ( 𝑡 )=
2
𝑒 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠h
√ 4
𝑡+

√ 13
4
𝑒 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛h
√ 4
𝑡
Inverse Laplace by completing the squares
Take the final simplification
  5 1
3 3
3 2𝑡 13 2 2 𝑡 13
𝑓 ( 𝑡 )= 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠h
2 √ 4
𝑡+

√ 13
4
𝑒 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛h
√ 4
𝑡

  5 13
𝑓 ( 𝑡 )=
3
2
𝑒
3
2
𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠h
√ 13
4
𝑡+
√ 4
13
4
13
𝑒
3
2
𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛h
√ 13
4
𝑡

√ √ 4 4
  13
3
3 2 𝑡
𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠 h
( )
2
13
4
𝑡+
5
13
3
4 2𝑡
√
𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 h
13
4
𝑡
√ √
 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
We can also take the inverse laplace transformation using partial
fraction, we have four cases that we can apply in inverse laplace
transformation
Case A. Real and unrepeated
Find the inverse Laplace

The denominator consists of 3 first order polynomials

 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
Step 1: decompose the given transform into partial fraction
decomposition

2. Find the values of A,B, and C

Cross multiplication (isolation)

Distribution
 
Inverse Laplace by partial fraction

solve by order of s variable, start with the highest exponent of s

eqn 2
eqn 3
Use the 3 equations to solve for A,B, and C.
Eq 1 &2 (add)

86= -16A + 19B eqn 4

 
Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
Eq 1 &3 (add)
(

-78 = 64A +57B eqn 5

Equate 4 and 5
(86= -16A + 19B)(4)
-78 = 64A +57B
266 = 133B
B= 2
Applying B to other equation;
=-3
Apply A and B to eqn 1
 
Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
Step 3. Substitute the values of A,B, and C to the decomposed partial fraction

Step 4. Take the inverse Laplace of each term

 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
Step 1: decompose the given transform into partial fraction
decomposition

2. Find the values of A,B, and C (Method 2)

Isolate A: then equate s of A to zero
That is s+3 =0, therefore s=-3, then substitute
 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
Step 1: decompose the given transform into partial fraction
decomposition

2. Find the values of A,B, and C (Method 2)

Isolate B: then equate s of A to zero
That is s-4 =0, therefore s=4, then substitute

B
 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
Step 1: decompose the given transform into partial fraction
decomposition

2. Find the values of A,B, and C (Method 2)

Isolate C: then equate s of A to zero
That is 5s-1 =0, therefore s=1/5, then substitute

proceed to step 3 and 4

 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
Ex2:

Look for A, where s=-3

 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
Ex2:

Look for B, where s=1

 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
Ex2:

Look for C, where s=4

 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
Ex2:

Look for D, where s=-5

 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
Ex2:
 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
Case B. Real and repeated – used when one or more roots at the
denominator is repeated

Solving for eq1

eq 2
eq3
 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
From eq 1
Eq 2 and eq 3 (subtract)

14 = B – 3C
But B = -C 14 = -C – 3C
C = -7/2; B = 7/2
Then looking for A; A=15
Substitute the values to the original decomposition
 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
Ex 2.

Solve for A (s-2=0; s=2)

 
Solve for B, since B is taken form A, then

B=-57/324 = -19/108
 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
Ex 2.

Solve for C (s+1=0; s=-1)

C

 
Solve for D, since D is taken form C, then D
D
D=51/405
 Inverse Laplace by partial fraction
 
Ex 2.

Solve for E (s-4=0; s=4)

E

 
Substitute: