State : Orissa

Project Submitted By :

 Anil Anayath - 1005

 Kausik Adhikari - 1001
 Mukul Badhe - 1007
 Nitish Khamkar - 1123
 Rahul Dabhade - 1015
 Facts & Figures
• Orissa was renamed as Odisha and Oriya language
was renamed as Odia on November 9, 2010 by the
Parliament of India.

• Capital : Bhubaneswar

• Largest City : Bhubaneswar

• Governor : Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare

• Chief Minister : Naveen Pattnaik

• Legislature (seats) : Unicameral (147)

• Population : 40,706,920 (11th) Anil Anayath - 1005

• Density : 261 /km2 (676 /sq mi)

• HDI (2005) : 0.452 (low) (27th)

• Literacy : 68.8% (19th)

• Official language(s) : Odia

• Time zone : IST (UTC+5:30)

• Area : 155820 km2 (60162 sq mi)

• Website : www.orissa.gov.in

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 Location of Odisha in India

• Coordinates : 20.15°N 85.50°E

• Country : India

• District(s) : 30

• Established : 1 April 1936

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 Literacy Rate

Sex Percentage

Male 75.95 %

Female 50.97 %

TOTAL (Overall) 63.61 %

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Religion in Odisha Percentage

Hinduism 94.6 %

Christianity 2.4 %

Islam 2.1 %

Others 0.9 %

TOTAL 100 %

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 Introduction
• Odisha is the ninth largest state by area in India, and the
eleventh largest by population. Odia is the official and
most widely spoken language with 93.33% Odia speakers
according to linguistic survey.

• Odisha has a relatively unindented coastline (about 480

km long) and lacks good ports, except for the deepwater
facility at Paradip. The narrow, level coastal strip,
including the Mahanadi River delta supports the bulk of the
population. The interior of the state is mountainous and
sparsely populated. Deomali at 1672 m is the highest
point of the state.

• Odisha is subject to intense cyclones. The most intense

one, in October 1999, Tropical Cyclone 05B caused
severe damage and some 10,000 deaths.
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• Odisha is connected to India through roads,
railways, airports, and seaports.

• Bhubaneshwar is well connected by air, rail

and road with the rest of India.

• The Biju Patnaik airport is being expanded to

accommodate wide bodied aircraft. Few
highways are getting four lanned

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• SEX RATIO : 972 females per 1000 males (as compared
to 933 for the country)

• Population : 4,07,06,920 (11th)

This represents a 16.25% increase over the population in

1991.

• (50.89%) are male and (49.11%) are female

• The proportion of people living below the poverty line in

1999–2000 was 47.15% which is nearly double the all
India average of 26.10%

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• Data of 1996–2001 showed the life expectancy in the
state was 61.64 years, higher than the national value of
years.

• The state has a birth rate of 23.2%, a death rate of

9.1%, an infant mortality rate of 65 per 1000 live birth
and a maternal mortality rate of 358 per 1,000,000 live
births.

• Odisha has a HDI of 0.579 in 2004.

• Odias comprise 73% of Odisha's population while

various tribal groups comprise most of the rest.

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 Industries in Odisha
• The Orissa Industry is going places with excellent industrial
infrastructure and presence of top national and international
companies. The state has witnessed an industrial upsurge due to
the favorable industrial atmosphere in the state.

• The state government of Orissa has invited major industrial

houses of the country and abroad to invest in the state. It has
achieved a considerable amount of success and several prime
companies have set up their plants in the state.
The industrial structure of Orissa mainly consists of four categories:

• Medium industries
• Cottage industries
• Large scale heavy industries
• Large scale industries
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• The large scale medium and large scale heavy industries include
the:
• Cement industry
• Ceramic Glass plants
• Refractory units
• Ferro Manganese plants
• Aluminum industry
• Fertilizer plants
• Agro based industries
• Chemical industries
• Tyre factories
• Aeronautical industry

• The state is rich in forest resources, which has prompted the growth
of several forest based industrial plants. The cottage industry of
Orissa includes the;
• Sericulture industry
• Cotton textile mills
• Sugar mills
• Rice mills
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The small scale industries of Orissa include:
• Brass industry
• Tobacco industry
• Bevarage
• Molasses
• Aluminum utensil making plants

• The Iron and steel industry of Orissa has played a major

role in bringing the industrial boom in the state. Presence
of steel giants like the SAIL, POSCO, NINL, Jindal Steel
etc. is a proof of the industrial importance of the state.

• The Rourkela Steel Plant is one the best in the

country. Rourkela is connected by railways with
Calcutta and other industrial towns of West Bengal.
Being located at Calcutta-Mumbai railway line it is
conveniently connected with industrial towns of
morden India.
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Macro – Economic Trend
Year Gross State
Domestic Product
1985 37,080
1987 68,230
1990 109,040
1995 271,180
2000 387,280
2005 670,900 *

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 Industrial Growth
• Odisha has abundant natural resources and a large
coastline. It contains a fifth of India's coal, a quarter of its
iron ore, a third of its bauxite reserves and most of the
chromite.

• Rourkela Steel Plant was the first integrated steel plant in

the Public Sector in India. It receives unprecedented
investments in steel, aluminium, power, refineries and ports.
India's topmost IT consulting firms, including Mahindra Satyam,
TCS (Tata Consultancy Services), MindTree Consulting,
PricewaterhouseCoopers and Infosys have large branches in
Odisha.

• IBM, Syntel and Wipro are setting up development centers in

Odisha. So far, two of the S&P CNX 500 conglomerates have
corporate offices in Odisha, for example, National Aluminium
(2005 gross income Rs.51,162 million) and Tata Sponge
Iron (2005 gross income Rs.2,044 million)
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• Odisha is notable as one of the first Indian states to
have tackled its structural problems during the post-
1994 Indian economic reforms.

• Odisha was also the first state in India to begin to

privatise its electricity transmission and distribution
businesses. Over the period between 1994 and 2000
Odisha's former state electricity board (SEB) was
restructured to form Gridco. This corporation was then
divided into Transco and a collection of distribution
companies. Attempts were then made to sell the
distribution companies to the private sector.

• Like many other states, in 1996 Odisha was losing over

50% of the electricity it was delivered. The scale and
importance of these reforms is notable and an
important milestone in India's dramatic economic
development.
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• Recently the number of companies who have signed
Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) to set up steel
plants in the state has gone up to 50, including POSCO
of South Korea which has agreed to construct a
mammoth $12 billion steel plant near Paradip port. It
would be the largest single investment in India's history.

• Arcelor-Mittal has also announced plans to invest in

another mega steel project amounting to $10 billion.
Russian major Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Company
(MMK) plans to set up a 10 MT steel plant in Odisha too.
The state is attracting an unprecedented amount of
investment in aluminum, coal-based power plants,
petrochemicals, and information technology as well.

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• In power generation, Reliance Power (Anil Ambani
Group) is putting up the world's largest power plant
with an investment of US $13 billion at Hirma in
Jharsuguda district .

• Vedanta Resources’ 1.4 million tonne alumina

project in Kalahandi district is the largest investment
in aluminium. Vedanta has also announced a $3.2
billion dollar huge private University project on the lines
of the Ivy League Universities, which is unprecedented
in the history of education in India. Bandhabahal is a
major area which consist of Open Cast Coal Mines.

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• In the year 2009, Odisha was second top Domestic
Investment destination with Gujarat first and Andhra
Pradesh in third place according to an analysis of
ASSOCHAM Investment Meter (AIM) Study on Corporate
Investments.

• Odisha's share was 12.6 percent in total investment in the

country. It received investment proposal worth Rs.2,00,846
crore during the last year. Steel and power were among the
sectors which attracted maximum investments in the state.

• Flood and cyclone are the major hurdles in Odisha's

development as the important districts are situated near to
the Bay of Bengal. In the five-year period between 2004–05
and 2008–09, Odisha's GDP has grown by a stunning
8.74% way beyond the definition of 7% growth. It should
be noted that the all-India growth during this period was
8.49%.In this period, Odisha is the fourth fastest growing
state, just behind Gujarat, Bihar, Uttarakhand.
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 Infrastructure Development
• Although Paradip is home to Odisha's only large port, the
coastal towns of Dhamra and Gopalpur are also
undergoing major port development. The government of
India has selected the coastal region of Odisha,
stretching from Paradip in the north to Gopalpur in the
south, to be developed into one of five or six Special
Economic Regions (SERs) of the country.

• The government of India and the state government of

Odisha are working together to erect world-class
infrastructure in this region to match that of Rotterdam,
Houston, and Pudong. This is aimed at further private
investment in petrochemicals, steel, and manufacturing.

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• A recent Morgan Stanley report forecasts that Odisha
would be flooded with massive investments for
manufacturing related activities in the same manner that
Bangalore had attracted software investment in the
1990s.

• The scale of the investments in Odisha would, however,

be much higher. As of July 2006, total planned investment
in the state is $90 billion. This includes investment in
research, education, hospitals, roads, ports, airports, and
hotels. There are many multi-state irrigation projects in
development, including the Godavari River Basin Irrigation
Projects.

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• 14 locations have been identified on Odisha coast to
be developed as port.

• These locations are Gopalpur (Ganjam district),

Bahuda Muhan (Sonepur) in Ganjam district, Palur
(Ganjam), Bali Harchandi (Puri), Astaranga (Puri),
Jatadhari Muhan (Jagatsinghpur), Barunei Muhan
(Kendrapara), Dhamra (Bhadrak), Chudamani
(Bhadrak), Inchuri (Balasore), Chandipur (Balasore),
Bahabalpur (Balasore), Subarnarekha mouth
(Kirtania) in Balasore district and Talsara (Balasore).

• Most of the locations among them already been

developing as port in the public private partnership
(PPP)

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 Media
• Odisha has a strong media field, one of the best known
among other states. The print newspapers like Samaja,
Dharitri, Sambad, Samaya, Anupam Bharat,
Prajatantra updates daily the Odisha people with the
news. Other major dalies are Sambad Kalika, Amari
Katha, Pragatibadi, Dinalipi, Odisha Bhaskar, Khabara
etc.

• Some prominent weekly and fortnighty news papers like

Loka Samachar, Sarkar, Bartta, Saburi Katha, Neta
etc. are providing space for people's aspirations and
awareness in the state. Odisha has a strong team of
journalists and media group
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 Govt Regulations
• The Orissa Industrial Infrastructure Development
Corporation (IDCO) is the NODAL AGENCY for identifying and
acquiring land both from Government and private parties at
strategic locations. The land so acquired is allotted for
industrial purpose.

• IDCO extends help in identification of project site and

collection of plan and schedule of land from the Revenue
Authorities. While selecting the site, care is taken to avoid
forest, communal, irrigated and homestead land at far as
possible. Preference is being given to Government land.

• Land Acquisition in Orissa is governed by Orissa Land

Acquisition Amendment Act, 1948, and Orissa Resettlement
& Rehabilitation Policy, 2006 .
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 Tourism
Odisha's varying topography – from the wooded Eastern
Ghats to the fertile river basin – has proven ideal for evolution
of compact and unique ecosystems. Thereby creating such
treasure troves of flora and fauna that even seem inviting to
many migratory species of birds and reptiles. Bhitar Kanika
National Park is famous for its second largest mangrove
ecosystem. The bird sanctuary in Chilika (Asia's biggest
brackish water lake) and the tiger reserve and waterfalls
in Simlipal National Park are integral part of any eco
tours in Odisha, arranged by Tourism of Odisha.

The Gharial Sanctuary at Tikarpada and the Olive Ridley

Sea Turtles in Gahirmatha turtle sanctuary also feature
on the list of avid nature watchers. The city wildlife
sanctuaries of Chandaka and Nandan Kanan are a must
visit for the lessons they teach is conservation and
revitalization of species from the brink of extinction.
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• Odisha is blessed with around 500 km long coastline
and has some of the most beautiful beaches in the
world. Chilika, Asia's largest brackish water lake, not
only provides a haven for millions of birds, but is
also one of the few places in India where one can
view dolphins. The lush green forest cover of Odisha
plays host to a wide variety of flora and fauna,
including the famed Royal Bengal Tiger. Amidst the
picturesque hills and valleys nestle a number of
breathtaking waterfalls and rivulets that attract
visitors from all over.

• Odisha beaches include Puri, Gopalpur-on-Sea,

Chandipur, Ramachandi Beach, Balighai Beach,
Astarang Beach, Paradip Beach. The famous Shiva
Temple is near Dhenkanal.

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 PROBLEMS IN ODISHA

• Odisha has been rated as one of the measurable

state so far the health care is concerned. Badly
affected by the poverty, illiteracy, natural
disasters, Orissa registered very poor health
indicators as per the WHO reports. It’s a state
with a population of over 4 crores,
comprising of 85% rural habitants, with 22%
Scheduled Tribe and 16.5% Scheduled Caste
population. From a lot of health issues one
needs to focus the following topics with bird
vision felling their importance and seriousness.

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Infant mortality
• Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is only 53 per 1,000 live births in
urban areas as compared to 76 in rural areas, only 26.4 per
cent of tribal children are immunized when compared to
43.7 per cent among the general population in the State and
anemia is very high of 61.2 per cent among women.

• The State needed to arrest the malnutrition trend as early as

possible. "The level of malnutrition in the State is quite high.
Over 30 per cent of children are severely malnourished. As
per the latest survey, 40.7 per cent under age of 3 are
underweight, 45 per cent are stunted and 19.5 per cent are
wasted. About 65 per cent of children aged between 6 and
35 months are anemic.

• The White Ribbon Alliance-Orissa in collaboration with the

Department of Health and Family Welfare, government of
Orissa, Unicef and UNFPA organized the workshop.
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 With a view to curb this problem by minimizing maternal death rate, the
White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood unites individuals,
organizations and communities who are committed towards increasing
public awareness on this issue and promote Safe Motherhood .

This year, the Central government declared, "Know your Entitlement"

as the theme of the National Safe Motherhood Day. The objective was
to generate awareness amongst women and family members on
their entitlements under various schemes and policies taken up by
the government.
Several NGO's working in the health sector across the state including
the Nehru Yuva Kendra which has trained 12,000 youths for the
purpose participated in the workshop here today.

Flood ravaged Orissa

• Floods cause health problems in Orissa: Oxfam India has warned that
8.5 million people affected by July's floods are facing serious health
threats. 78 870 cases of diarrhoea have occurred, resulting in 41
deaths; 124 cases of jaundice were reported, with two deaths. 300
people have been bitten by snakes, leading to 22 deaths.
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 MALARIA
• Malaria is the foremost public health problem of Orissa
contributing 23% of malaria cases, 40% of Plasmodium
falciparum cases and 50% of malaria deaths in the country.
The tribal population are badly affected by the  Malaria. More
than 60% of tribal population of Orissa live in high risk areas
for malaria. Though the tribal communities constitute nearly
8% of the total population of the country, they contribute 25%
of the total malaria cases and 15% of total P.falciparum
cases.

• Various epidemiological studies and malariometric surveys

carried out in tribal population including primitive tribes reveal
a high transmission of P.falciparum in the forest regions of
India, because malaria control in such settlements has
always been unattainable due to technical and operational
problems. In a specific study conducted in undivided
Koraput district, it was observed that the district is endemic
for malaria and is hyperendemic in top hills where Bondo
primitive tribes are residing. 
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 Diarrhoeal Disorders
• Water-borne communicable diseases like gastrointestinal disorders
including acute diarrhoea are responsible for a higher morbidity and
mortality due to
• poor sanitation, unhygienic conditions and lack of safe drinking water in
the tribal areas of the country. In a cross sectional study conducted by
RMRC, Bhubaneswar in 4 primitive tribes of Orissa, the diarrhoeal
diseases including cholera was found to occur throughout the year
attaining its peak during the rainy season .Generally the infants
,preschool children and adolescent groups are mostly affected.

Maternal mortality rate

• One woman dies every seven minutes from complications related to
pregnancy and child birth in India and in Orissa nine women die
everyday for the same reasons.
The MMR in the state has come down from 367 per one lac (100,000)
child births in 1993 to 358 deaths per one lac births in 2003 which is a
very negligible drop. In fact there has not been any significant reduction
in the rate of maternal deaths in the last few years and this is a worrying
factor, said participants at the "Know Your Entitlements" organized here
to coincide with the National Safe Motherhood Day.
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 Micronutrient Deficiency
• Orissa is very much infamous for starvation death cases. Micronutrient
deficiency is closely linked with nutritional disorders and diarrhoea.
Deficiency of essential dietary components leads to malnutrition,
protein calorie deficiency and micronutrient deficiencies (like vit A, iron
and iodine deficiency). Vitamin A deficiency in the form of Bitot's spot,
conjunctival xerosis and night blindness was observed
 
Skin Infection
• Skin problems like scabies is a major health problem amongst the rural
population of orissa and the problem is much worse in the primitive
tribes because of overcrowding and unhygienic living conditions as also
close contacts and lack of health awareness. In a study conducted by
the RMRC, Bhubaneswar.
 
Intestinal Parasitism
• Intestinal protozoan and helminthic infestations are the major public
health problems and were observed in Most of these infections are due
to indiscriminate defecation in the open field, bare foot walking and lack
of health awareness and hygiene. The problem enhances in the rainy
season. These are preventable with repeated administration of anti-
helminthic and protozoal treatment at 4 months interval which can be
used effectively in national parasitic infection control program.
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