MEASUREMENT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC

FIELDS FROM BASE STATION ANTENNA

REQUIREMENT FOR EMF COMPLIANCE
CERTIFICATION
 The License agreement was amended on 04-11-2008
instructing that CMTS/UASL shall conduct audit and
provide self certification annually as per procedure
described by TEC or any other agency authorised by the
licensor.
 DoT vide letter dated 08-04-2010 issued detailed
instructions to telecom service providers for meeting
ICNIRP guidelines on radiation.
WHICH SITE AND WHEN TO
CERTIFY

Every site on air before 8th may 2010 was to be certified on

15th November 2010 .
Every site on air after 8th may 2010 and BEFORE 15th Nov
2010 was to be certified separately. TERM cell will audit 25
sites from this .
Every site put on air after 15th Nov 2010 is to be certified in
advance and then only put on air.
When a new service is to be started on an existing tower,
compliance is to be reported in advance.
ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE?
 Advantage : The certfied sites will be published in the DoT
website which can be viewed by public.
 Disadvantages: The TSPs will have to bear
1. More expenses.
2. More labour.
3. The signage like “Danger” , “Warning”, “Caution” etc which
is to be kept in every BTS site will invite heavy public anxiety
which may in turn form as a public protest not only for the
new sites coming up but also for the existing sites.
4. Repeated exercise when sites are shared or new services are
added .A height change alone can invite EMF certification
requirement.
IS SHARING POSSIBLE ? HOW MANY
OPERATORS?

 Sharing is still possible.

 Depends on the engineering parameters.

 Depends on the locality and accessibility for public.

 Antennae to be oriented away from buildings (which we

normally do).
 EMF compliance is to be evaluated after every new
operator sharing and if there is still scope for an another
operator, it can be shared.
 Generally GBT sites with no buildings within 20 meters
can be shared.
IS IBS A PROBLEM?

 Generally not ,since they are distributing the power to

various floors.
 The signage in the case of IBS is not practical.

 Repeatres with 2W and above needs certification.

DETAILS TO BE FURNISHED TO TERM
CELL
 Site data ( site ID, Name, Lat long,Address,RTT/GBT,
building height, date on air etc)
 Adjascent building data

The surrounding 20 meter radius is to be surveyed and high

rise buildings which are likely to get EMF exposure is to be
marked.
 Photographs at site as well as the buildings nearby.

 Site lay out with distance to the 4 corners of the roof top in
case of RTT/RTP
 Number of carriers, power, antena height,frequency

 Antena type/Gain/sidelobe attenuation/vertical beamwidth

,cable loss,combiner loss etc.
SELF CERTIFICATION BY SERVICE
PROVIDERS
( UPTO 20 METER RADIUS OF THE BTS)

1. CALCULATIONS OF EIRP/ EIRPth

value can be assessed at various publicly accessible points in the
environment surrounding the BTS under study ( on roof top,ground,
adjacent building etc)

2.ELECTROMAGNETIC MAPPING BY SOFTWARE

SIMULATION

3.BROADBAND MEASUREMENTS ( DONE BY TERM CELL)

4.FREQUENCY SELECTIVE MEASUREMENT

THIS IS DONE TO FIND THE CONTRIBUTION OF EACH
OPERATOR IN CASE IF THE RADIATION LIMITS ARE
EXCEEDED.
RESPONSIBILITY OF SERVICE
PROVIDERS AT SHARED SITES
 A shared site is
Multiple towers within 20 m radius Multiple Pole
sites in same building or in 20 m radius
Same tower shared by multiple operators
 All participating operators should certify Compliance.
( separately and cumulatively)
 Penalty for all operators in case of non compliance.

 Signage is joint responsibility.

INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION
FOR NON IONISING RADIATION
PROTECTION (ICNIRP)
REFERENCE LEVELS
For
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION
FOR NON IONISING RADIATION
PROTECTION (ICNIRP)
REFERENCE LEVELS
For Occupational Exposure

OPERATING FREQUENCY :400-2000 MHZ

ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH (V/M): 3*(f) ½
MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH (A/M): 0.008*(f) ½
PLANE WAVE POWER DENSITY SEQ (W/M2) : f/40

OPERATING FREQUENCY :2000-30000 MHZ

ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH (V/M): 137

MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH (A/M): 0.36
PLANE WAVE POWER DENSITY SEQ (W/M2) : 50
EMF EXPOSURE ZONES
1. Compliance Zone : EMF is below the applicable limits for
general public and occupational exposure
2. Occupational Zone : EMF is below applicable limits for
occupational exposure but exceeds general public exposure
3. Exceedance Zone : EMF exceeds the applicable limits for
both general public and occupational exposure

Exceedence zone

Occupational zone
Compliance zone
FIELD REGIONS
1. Reactive near field zone: It is immediately surrounding
the antenna where reactive field predominates and
extends to a distance of one wavelength from the antenna.
2. Reactive-radiating near field region; The transitional
region where the radiating field is beginning to be
important compared with the reactive component.
Extends upto 3 times the wave length.
3. Radiating near field : The region between the reactive
near field and the far field region where in the radiation
field predominates. Here the electric and magnetic
components are locally normal.
4. Far field region: The region of field where the angular
field distribution is independent of the distance from the
antena.
INSTALLATION CLASSIFICATION
1. INHERENTLY COMPLIANT : Produce very little EMF
.
EIRP < 2W. Needs no precautions.

2. NORMALLY COMPLIANT : Produce EMF that exceeds

relevant exposure limits. The Exceedance Zone is
generally not accessible to public. Ex: Ground Based
towers with sufficient height
EIRPi / EIRPth,i <=1

3. PROVISIONALLY COMPLIANT :

EIRPi / EIRPth >1.

Needs additional measures to make it compliant.
 Format for collecting Adjacent building / General Public access area data
   

   

   

Site Name   

Side ID(Indus/Boo)  
Nameof the operator 
Operator ID 
N  

Lattitude   

Longitude   

Building Height   
Date   

   

  B4  

 
 
B1  

   
T1
   

   

   

270

   

   

 
RTT 20m-r
 

  90  

   

   

   

   

 
B3 B2  

   

   

   

  180  

   

Azimuth
Height from the Distance
Adjacent building Lattitude Longitude (m) No. of floor Tower from Twr  

B1              

B2              
B3              

B4              

Any other operator twr

T1) within 20m radius              
 N

Signage
COMPLIANCE DISTANCE
Radio Frequency Range General Public Exposure

400-2000 MHZ R=6.38* (EIRP/f)1/2

2000-30000 MHZ R=0.143* EIRP1/2

example

R is the minimum antenna distance in meters

F is the frequency in MHZ
EIRP is the effective isotropic radiated power in the direction
of the largest antena gain.
CERTIFICATION DONE BY BSNL
SO FAR

3582 GSM sites including

692 NodeBs
1099 WLL sites
326 WiMax sites

Certification done without field survey.

THANK YOU