WHY DO WE FALL ILL?

WHAT IS HEALTH?
 According to WHO,Health is a state of
physical,mental,social and spiritual well being and not
mere absence of a disease.
FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH OF AN
ORGANISM

 Our health does not depend entirely on us

 It also depends on the people around us and also the
surrounding environment.
WHEN IS A PERSON CONSIDERED
DISEASE-FREE ?
 Disease means disturbed-ease,simply meaning
uncomfortable.
 A DISEASE-FREE person is someone who is at his ease
and is comfortable to do his/her work.
TYPES OF DISEASES
 Depending on the ability to spread,diseases can be classified into –

* Infectious diseases : spread from one person to another person.

eg : COVID 19 , INFLUENZA ,CHICKEN POX

* Non infectious diseases : do not spread from one person to another

person.
eg : DIABETES , HYPERTENSION

 Depending on the onset of symptoms and signs,

diseases can be further classified into –
ACUTE & CHRONIC
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
 These are caused by getting in contact with an infected
person or the infectious agent.
 Examples of infectious diseases are –

* Sleeping sickness : Caused by a protozoan named

Trypanosoma gambiense.
* HIV/AIDS : Caused by a virus named HIV.
MEANS OF SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS
DISEASES :
 1. AIR : In the form of droplets realeased from an
infected person while coughing,sneezing or sometimes
even while talking. eg.:Tuberculosis ,
COVID 19.
 2.WATER : Through water contaminated with
saliva,faecal matter. eg.:Cholera.
 3.SEXUAL CONTACT : Through casual physical touch
or during sexual contact with an infected person.
Eg.:HIV/AIDS.
 4.VECTORS :Transmitted from one to another person by
other organisms known as vectors. Eg.:Mosquito –
Malaria , Dog – Rabies.
NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES
These diseases do not occur by spreading from one to the
other but arise as a result of any genetic
abnormalities,imbalanced diet intake,sedentary
lifestyle,addictions to harmful agents,etc.
eg.: Sickle cell anemia – due to gene mutation.
Diabetes mellitus – sedentary lifestyle and imbalanced
diet leading to obesity causes insulin resistance.
Hypertension – due to sedentary lifestyle and high salt
intake.
Cirrhosis of liver – due to heavy alcohol consumption
it leads to fibrosis of liver & ultimately liver failure.
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT
 TREATMENT comprises the steps taken to restore back
our health ,when we fall ill.
 These primarly include taking medicines, adequate rest
etc.

Treatment of diseases can be classified into-

 Treatment of Infectious disease

 Treatment of Non Infectious diseases
 Treatment of Infectious diseases:
 Includes-

Taking appropriate medicines to decrease the

symptoms like fever, pain, loose motions, pain abdomen etc
called as Symptomatic treatment.
Taking medicines that act upon the infecting
organisms may be bacteria or virus and protect us from
further progression of the infection in our body.
These medicines include Antibiotics that act against
bacteria, Anti virals act upon virus, Anti fungals act upon
Fungal infections etc.
Further we can add medicines that improve our
Immune system functioning like Vitamins & Minerals
 Treatment of Non infectious Diseases:
These kind of diseases are caused by internal
cause rather than from outside organisms invading on us.
The treatment of these kind of diseases
includes mainly
Lifestyle modifications like
avoiding smoking and alcohol consumption,
taking balanced diet,
maintaining normal weight ,
adequate Physical exercise &
adequate sleep.
PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION
Why prevention is better than cure ?
 Cure is offered after the disease appears in the body

 The treatment takes sometime to cure the disease

 During the Treatment period the disease can spread to

others from the diseased person.
Preventive measures that are taken to prevent diseases can
be :
 General that help to prevent any kind of disease

 Specific to one disease that prevent a specific disease.

 General Preventive measures :
 Adequate nutrious balanced diet to empower our
immune system
 Personal & public hygiene

 Maintaining our environment ( Air, Water, Land)

pollution free
Specific Preventive measures:
 Immunization :

Process of making ourselves immune against

the infecting organisms by administering vaccines , is
called “Immunization”.
“Vaccination” is introducing the infective
organism in non virulent or dead form into the body so
that our immune system can act better upon these and
produce appropriate antibodies that can act upon the
actual infection occurs.
 A large number of vaccines that are available that are
given to children before they reach the age of 5yrs.
 Examples : Polio vaccine to prevent polio,

DPT vaccine that helps to prevent Diptheria,

Pertussis, Tetanus;
Hepatitis B Vaccine that prevents Hepatitis B
Infection
MMR vaccine to prevent Measles, Mumps &
Rubella
 Now lets look at the present Pandemic Covid -19 caused
by Corona Virus

 What are the preventive measures to prevent Covid-19 ?

 General measures

 Specific measures
NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS
 Barry Marshall, Robin
Warren discovered the
bacterium Helicobacterium
pylori. responsible for
Peptic ulcer.
 Nower, Peptic ulcer is no
longer a chronic disease, it
can be treated with
antibiotics.
 Marshell & Warren
received Nobel prize in
Medicine in 2005.
 Edward Jenner ,
introduced Vaccination to
prevent the diseases .
 Received Nobel prize in
1908.