PRODUCT

STRUCTURE AND
BILLS OF MATERIAL

MIS EG
 Product Structure

The product structure provides a hierarchical

classification of the items which forms a

product.

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 Product Structure

The product structure shows the material,

component parts, subassemblies and other items

in a hierarchical structure that represents the

grouping of items on an assembly drawing or the

grouping of items that comes together at a stage

in the manufacturing process.

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 Product Structure

Engineering parts lists or drawing parts lists are

used to create a version of the product structure
to support manufacturing.

This standalone product structure is called the bill

of materials.

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 Bill of Materials

A bill of material is a formally structured list for

an object (semi-finished or finished product) which

lists all the component parts of the object with the

name, reference number, quantity, and unit of

measure of each component.

The components are known as BOM items.

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 Bill of Materials

A bill of material can only refer to a quantity

greater than or equal to one of an object.

It is a product data structure, which captures the

end products, its assemblies, their quantities and

relationships.

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 Types of Bill of Materials

There are usually two kinds of bills of materials

needed for a product:

Engineering and Manufacturing

Bills of Materials

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 Bill of Material

The engineering BOM

normally lists items

according to their

relationships with parent

product as represented on

assembly drawings.

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 Bill of Material

But this may not be sufficient to show the grouping of parts at

each stage of the production process nor include all of the data
needed to support manufacturing or procurement.

These requirements may force the arrangement of the product

structure to be different in order to assure manufacturability.

Thus, engineering and manufacturing will usually have different

valid views for the same product.

Manufacturing Requirements Planning (MRP) systems typically

rely on a Bill of Materials (BOM) and the product structure for
their information

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 Bill of Material

A Bill of Materials is a product data structure

which captures the end-products, its
assemblies, their quantities and relationships.

In many companies the BOM is structured for

the convenience of individual departments.
This, however, engenders problems in other
departments.

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 Product structure for product 1

In Figure, a product named Product 1 is shown

graphically with the summarized products structure
and the number of all items that are needed to make
the parent products are enclosed in brackets.

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 Summarized Bill of materials (BOM)

Figure, contains a bill of materials for

Product 1 in which the total usage of
each item is collected into a single list
for the product.
This kind of list is convenient for the
master production schedule but results
in the duplication assemblies.
This implies that each product bill that
uses assembly must be changed
whenever there is a change in
assembly.
Furthermore, since lead times of
intermediate assemblies cannot be
determined, parts are ordered too early
the first time they are encountered in
the product structure.

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 Indented bill of materials

Other arrangements used in

arranging the bill of materials
is by indenting the product
data as shown in Figure.

One disadvantage of this

method is that all components
of an assembly are repeated
each time the assembly is
used, resulting in massive
duplication of data.

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 Single-level bill of materials

One solution to the duplication problem is by holding each assembly

only once in ‘single level’ bill of materials as shown in Figure.

In this approach it identifies only the components used by one level

and a required subassembly.

This means that engineering changes can be made in only one place.

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 'Where used' lists

'Where used' lists give an easy overview of the

products where a given material is contained. This
happens by displaying of all BOM’s, which contain this
component.

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 PRODUCT STRUCTURE AND BILLS OF MATERIAL

END
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