THE SIGHT

Marita Beatriz Quispe Cisneros

mquispec@usmp.pe
MEDICAL ENGLISH
SESSION 10º THE SIGHT
Table of contents
• 1º The eye. Structure.
• 2º Refractive errors.
• 3º LASIK.
• 4º Eye diseases and disorders.
 THE EYE
upper
Eyelashes ___

Lower eyelid____

http://www.pceyeglasses.com/eye-anatomy.html
 More parts involved

• Conjunctiva
• Suspensory
ligaments
• Lateral rectus muscle
• Medial rectus muscle
• Fovea
• Optic disk

https://kids.britannica.com/studen
ts/assembly/view/167202
 VISION
To see clearly, the cornea and the lens
must refract light rays so they focus on
the retina.

http://
https://www.d.umn.edu/~jfitzake/Lectures/DME ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/211_fall2013.w
D/Vision/Optics/Refraction.html eb.dir/jessica_garvin/refraction_eye.
htm
REFRACTIVE ERRORS

They are caused by an

imperfectly shaped eyeball,
cornea or lens.

• Myopia
• Hyperopia
• Astigmatism
• Presbyopia
 Myopia or Nearsightedness

https://munarulez20.wixsit
e.com/news-and-current-
aff/single-post/2015/11/30/
Myopia-and-Hyperopia

• The eyeball is too long, or the cornea has too

much curvature.
• Images are focused in the vitreous inside the eye
rather than on the retina at the back of the eye.
•  far away objects appear blurred and near
objects appear clearly.
 https://www.quora.com/How-would-someone-who-has-astig
matism-see-the-world-compared-to-someone-who-is-just-ne
arsigh

Hyperopia or "farsightedness" is when the cornea is

too flat or the eye is too small.
• Hyperopic people can usually see distant objects
well, but have trouble focusing on nearby objects.
ASTIGMATISM

/
https://endmyopia.org/astigmatism-caused-by-ciliary-muscle

• Irregular curvature of the cornea or lens.

• Inability of the optics of the eye to focus a point
object into a sharp focused image on the retina.
*  Vision is blurred.
Presbyopia

• The lens loses its flexibility with age, therefore,

it´s not easy to change its shape when
performing close-up tasks (reading, threading
a needle).

https://www.essilor.co.il/en/EYECARE/Visiondefects/Pages/Presbyopia.aspx
How to correct refractive problems?

Goal  make light rays focus on the retina.

 LASIK PROCEDURE

Keratomileusis
*Kerato: cornea
*mileusis: carving
(sculpture)

https://www.pasteur.cl/lasik-cirugia-refractiva/

VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xsg07RqvGFE
 EYE DISEASES AND DISORDERS
Cataract

https://www.google.com/search?q=blurred+vision+in+diabetic+retino https://www.google.com/search?q=blurred+vision+in+diabetic+retino
pathy&hl=es&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUK pathy&hl=es&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUK
 /
https://www.comfortpack.co/what-is-age-related-macular-degener
ation

https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/es/topic/default?id=glaucomai
nfantil-90-P05213

Peripheral vision is
affected Central vision is affected  (AMD)
https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Retinitis-Pigmentosa-(Spanish).aspx
UVEITIS
AMBLYOPIA  Difference in the focusing power of the
two eyes.
(Lazy eye)
STRABISMUS
(Crossed eyes)

Under normal conditions, the six

muscles that control eye movement
work together and point both eyes at
the same direction.
 RED EYE AND
THYROID EYE DISEASE

Blood vessels become inflamed. Eye muscles, eyelids, tear

glands and fatty tissues
behind the eye become
inflamed.
Sources of information
• Images. [Internet]. [Cited 2 June 2020]. Available from:
https://www. google.com.pe/.
• Cleveland Clinic. Conditions and treatments [Internet].
[Cited 2 June 2020]. Available from:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/eye/conditions-
treatments?fR[institutes][0]=
241
• Klinika Svjetlost. How LASIK Surgery is done HD
Animation [Internet video]. You tube. 5 May 2015. [Cited 2
June 2020]. Available from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xsg07RqvGFE