AGNATHA

by:
Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Binari Manurung, M.Si
Dept. Biology –FMIPA
State University of Medan
2021
 VERTEBRATA TAXONOMY
Based on Jaw:
1. AGNATHA (Jawless): CYCLOSTOMATA
1. PISCES:
1.1. Chondrichthyes
1.2. Osteichthyes
2.1. Amphibia
2. GNATHOSTOMATA
2. TETRAPODA 2.2. Reptilia

2.3. Aves

2.4. Mammalia
 Vertebrate Classification
Class Common Name
Agnatha Jawless fishes
Elasmobranchiomorpha Cartilaginous 1. Super
class
(Chondrichthyes) fishes
Pisces Anamniotes
Osteichthyes Bony fishes
Amphibia Amphibians
Reptilia Reptiles
2. Super
Aves Birds
class Amniotes
Mammalia Mammals
Tetrapo
da

In addition, all vertebrates above the level of Agnatha are

sometimes referred to as Gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates)
Agnatha
Myxa = Mucus
Myxiniformes – a hagfish Marine
No dorsal fin

10-14 pairs Dorsal fin

no tentacle Marine and freshwater

(spawn)
Petro= stone, Myzo= Suction
Petromyzontiformes – a lamprey
Super Class: PISCES/FISH
Characteristics:
 Aquatic, Jaw or Jawless, Gills, Scales, (Paired)
fins-rays
 Lateral line system, External fertilization
Class: AGNATHA  (a=no, gnathum=jaw )
Characteristics:
 Jawless, no scales, no paired fins (appendages), no lateral
line syst.
 Gill slits 6 to 14 pairs
 Body long, slender, and rounded, skin soft and smooth
 Vertebrae represented by small imperfect neural arches
(arcualia) over notochord
 Most primitive vertebrates
 Live as scavengers (feed on carrion) – free living or parasites
 Live in fresh or salt water ; may migrate between
 Completely cartilaginous skeleton
Agnatha “no jaw”
Greek “A-Gnatha”

= CYCLOSTOMATA

(Cyklos = Circular and

stoma= mouth

LAMPREY
 Agnatha
• Notice the similarities of
the agnatha larve to the
lancelet (Amphioxus-
Cephalochordata)

• There are two order :

- Myxininoidia
(Hagfish, Slime Eels)

- Petromyzontia
(Lampreys)
HAGFISH
HAGFISH
 Ordo Myxiniformes (Hag fish, Slime Eels)
Myxa = Mucus

Characteristics:

- No dorsal fin
- Gills slits 10 to 14 pairs
- Mouth margined by 3 to 4 pairs tentacles/fleshy papillae
- Marine

Ordo Petromyzontia (Lamprey)

Petro= stone, Myzo= Suction

Characteristics:

-Have dorsal fin

-Gill slits 7 pairs
-Mouth with buccal (suctorial) funnel
- no tentacle
- Marine and fresh water (spawn)
Agnatha
Myxa = Mucus
Myxiniformes – a hagfish Marine
No dorsal fin

10-14 pairs Dorsal fin

no tentacle Marine and freshwater

(spawn)
Petro= stone, Myzo= Suction
Petromyzontiformes – a lamprey
 - Polistotrema stouti
- Bdellostoma sp.
Myxininoidia- Hagfish, Slime Eels

- Petromyzon marinus
Petromyzontia
(Lampreys) - Entospherus sp.
- Ichthyomyzon sp.
Hagfish secrete
slime when disturbed
 LAMPREYS
Parasitic Animal

Have suckerlike
mouth to attach
the host

found in marine
and freshwater
environments
External
Fertilization
ECONOMYC IMPORTANCE
1. Food
Lampreys have
long been used
as food for
human specially
in europe,
Korean

Portuguese Lamprey rice.

Kkomjangeo bokkeum ( 꼼장어 볶음 ),
Korean stir-fried fish dish made with the
hagfish Eptatretus burgeri.
2. Model organism

Lampreys are used as a model organism in biomedical

research where their large reticulospinal axons are used to
investigate synaptic transmission. The axons of lamprey are
particularly large and allow for microinjection of substances
for experimental manipulation.

3. Parasitic

Lamprey injure or destroy fishes by taking blood

and causing secondary infections
TERIMAKASIH

DANKE SCHOEN

Horas