Tajweed 102

Session 1
 Letters in Arabic Alphabet

Sometimes have
Tafkheem Tafkheem and other Tarqeeq
times have Tarqeeq

The rest of the

‫الر‬
letters in alphabet
‫خص ضغط قظ‬
except those of
Tafkheem and ‫ا ل ر‬
 *Tafkheem letters
‫ط ض ص ظ ق غ خ‬
Less heavy The heaviest

The level of heaviness of the tafkheem letters is determined

based on the strength of the characteristics of the letter.

‫ط‬ Has the most strong characteristics; thus, it is

the heaviest letter in the Arabic alphabet.
* Question: Do the letters of
tafkheem carry the same heaviness in
all situations?

Answer: The heaviness of a

particular tafkheem letter varies based
on the harakah it has and the letter
which comes after or before it.
 Tafkheem letter with fathah
Jazariy I
followed by alif
Al-
Imam Tafkheem letter with fathah II
and no alif after it
g to
accordin Tafkheem letter with
III
dhammah
m
Tafkhee
Tafkheem letter with sukoon IV
of
5 levels
Tafkheem letter with kasrah V
 * I. First Level of Tafkheem
If the Tafkheem letter has a fathah and it is followed by an Alif:

‫ط‬ َ َ‫ط‬
‫اب‬

‫ض‬ ‫ق‬
َ ‫ضا‬

‫ص‬ ‫صابِرا‬
َ

‫ظ‬ ‫رون‬
َ ‫يُظا ِه‬ ‫ون‬
َ ‫اء‬
ُ ‫ي ُ َر‬

‫ق‬ ‫لون‬
َ ِ‫يُقات‬

‫غ‬ َ ِ‫َغائِب‬
‫ين‬

‫خ‬ َ ِ‫َخائِب‬
‫ين‬
 II. Second Level of Tafkheem
If the Tafkheem letter has a fathah and does NOT
have an Alif after it.
‫ط‬ ‫طَبَ َع‬
‫ض‬ ‫ض َر َب‬ َ
‫ص‬ ‫ق‬
َ ‫ص َد‬ َ
‫ظ‬ ‫ظَ َّل‬
‫ق‬ ‫قَتَ َل‬
‫غ‬ ‫َغف َر‬
‫خ‬ َ َ‫َخل‬
‫ق‬
III. Third Level of Tafkheem
If the Tafkheem letter has dhammah.
‫ط‬ ‫طُبِ َع‬
‫ض‬
ْ‫ض ِربَت‬
ُ
‫ص‬ ْ‫ص ِرفَت‬ ُ
‫ظ‬ َ ‫يَظُ ُّن‬
‫ون‬
‫ق‬ ‫قُتِ َل‬
‫غ‬ ْ‫ُغلِبَت‬
‫خ‬ ْ‫ُخلِقَت‬
IV. Fourth Level of Tafkheem
If the Tafkheem letter has a sukoon.
In this case, one has to look at the harakah of the letter
that comes before the sakin tafkheem letter.

If preceding If preceding If preceding

letter has a letter has a letter has a
fathah dhammah kasrah

II Level III Level V Level

Tafkheem Tafkheem Tafkheem
 IV. Fourth Level of Tafkheem
Preceding letter has a Preceding letter has a Preceding letter has a
fathah dhammah kasrah

II Level Tafkheem III Level Tafkheem V Level Tafkheem

‫ط‬
‫يَ ْطبَ ُع‬ ‫ط‬
َ ‫يُ ْط ِع ُم‬
‫ون‬ ‫ط‬
‫إِ ْط َعا ُم‬
‫ض‬
‫ب‬
ُ ‫ض ِر‬
ْ َ‫ي‬ ‫ض‬ ً‫ض َغة‬
ْ ‫ُم‬
‫ض‬
‫اض ِر ْب‬ ْ ‫أَ ِن‬
‫ص‬
‫صبَ َر ُه ْم‬ ْ َ‫أ‬ ‫ص‬
‫ون‬
َ ُ‫ص َحب‬ ْ ُ‫ي‬
‫ص‬
‫ص َر‬ْ ‫ِم‬
‫ظ‬
‫يَ ْظلِ ُم‬ ‫ظ‬
ُ‫لِيُ ْظ ِه َره‬
‫ظ‬
‫ظلَ ُموا‬ َ ‫إِ ْذ‬
‫ق‬
‫يَ ْقتُ ُل‬ ‫ق‬
َ ‫ُم ْق َم ُح‬
‫ون‬ ‫ق‬
‫ُم ِّز ْق ُه ْم‬
‫غـ‬ ‫غ‬
ُ ِ‫يَ ْغل‬
‫ب‬ ‫تُ ْغ ِني‬ ‫غ‬
‫يَ ِز ْغ‬
‫ب‬
ِ ‫ضو‬ ُ ‫َم ْغ‬ ‫خ‬
ُ‫تُ ْخفُوه‬ ‫خ‬
‫إِ ْخ َوانًا‬
‫خ‬
ُ ُ‫يَ ْخل‬
‫ق‬
 IV. Fourth Level of Tafkheem
Also at the same V level as mentioned in the previous slide are

‫ غ‬with a sukoon and ‫خ‬ with a sukoon if ‫ ي‬sakina precedes them:

‫َزيْ ٌغ‬
‫شي ٌْخ‬ َ in َ ‫َوأَبُونَا‬
‫شي ٌْخ َكبِي ٌر‬
EXCEPTION: If ‫ خ‬with a sukoon is preceded by a
kasrah and after the ‫ خ‬comes a heavy ‫ ر‬then the level of
Tafkheem is not lowered, rather it is increased to be proportionate
with the heavy ‫ر‬.
‫َاجا‬
ً ‫خر‬ْ ِ‫إ‬
 V. Fifth Level of Tafkheem
When the Tafkheem letter has a kasrah.
Itbaq letters among the tafkheem letters are at a lower level here, however
they still have an obvious heaviness, they don’t lose their characteristic of
Tafkheem. The rest of the tafkheem letters which are isti’laa (‫خ‬,‫غ‬,‫ )ق‬are known
as having relative heaviness,i.e. Tafkheem un-nisbiy,they are at the lowest
in this level they are not considered to be Istifaal rather they are considered to
have the lowest level of Isti’laa and Tafkheem.
‫ظ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ِط‬

‫ص َراطًا ِظاًّل ًا ظَلِياًل‬

ِ ‫ض َرا ًرا‬
ِ ‫ِطبَاقًا‬
‫خ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ق‬
Tafkheem

‫ِخفَافًا‬ ٌ‫شا َوة‬

un-nisbiy
َ ‫ِغ‬ ‫قِتَااًل‬
‫ستَقِي َم‬ ْ ‫ا ْل ُم‬
 * Letters of Istifaal always have
tarqeeq, except ‫ ا ل ر‬which
sometimes have Tafkheem and
sometimes Tarqeeq.

Be Careful!!!
Usually when the tongue is caught up between a light and
a heavy letter, the light letter most of the times if one is
not careful accidentally gets recited as heavy under the
influence of the heavy letter, this should be kept in mind
and the light letter should be recited light and the heavy
letter heavy.
 Hamzah in the following examples should be
light (be it a real hamzah or hamzatul wasl)

‫هَّلِل‬
ِ ْ َ ‫ٱ‬ ‫د‬
ُ ‫م‬ ‫ح‬ ْ
‫ل‬
‫اس‬
ِ َّ ‫ن‬‫ل‬ ‫ٱ‬
‫ب‬ ِّ ‫ر‬َ ِ ‫ب‬ ‫وذ‬
ُ ‫ع‬
ُ َ ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ْ ‫ق‬ ُ
ُ ‫ٱهَّلل‬
‫يم‬
َ ِ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ت‬ ‫س‬ْ ‫م‬
ُ ‫ل‬ ْ ‫ٱ‬ َ ‫ط‬ ‌
‫ر‬
َ ٰ ‫ص‬
ِّ ‫ل‬ ‫ٱ‬ ‫ا‬َ ‫ٱ ْه ِدن‬
 ‫ ل‬in the following examples should not be made
heavy under the influence of heaviness of the letters
coming before or after it.

*‫َو ِللَّ ِه اأْل َ ْس َما ُء ا ْل ُح ْسنَ ٰى فَا ْد ُعوهُ بِ َها‬

‫َل َن‬

ِ ‫َو َعلَى آهَّلل‬

َ ّ‫ضآِل‬
‫ين‬ َّ ‫َولَا ٱل‬
‫ين‬َ ‫ص َٰ‌رطَ ٱ َلّ ِذ‬
ِ
 ‫ م‬in the following examples
should not be made heavy under the
influence of the heavy letters
( ‫ خ‬, ‫ ر‬, ‫ ) ص‬proceeding it.

‫َم ْخَمصَـ ٍة‬

ً ‫ض فَ َزا َد ُه ُم ٱهَّلل ُ مَ َر‬
‫ضا‬ ٌ ‫فِى قُلُوبِ ِهم ّمَ َر‬
 
*‫ ب‬is a letter that always has Tarqeeq however,
its characteristics of shiddah, jahr and qalqalah
should not be omitted for the sake of lightness:
‫ق‬
ٍ ‫ـر‬
ْ ‫بَـ‬
‫ـل‬
ٍ ‫بَـا ِط‬
‫بِـ ِهـ ْم‬
‫بِـ ِذي‬
‫صـبْـ ِر‬َّ ‫ب ال‬ ُ ‫َك‬
ِ ّ ‫ـحـ‬
‫َر ْبــ َو ٍة‬
 ‫ب اللَّـ ِه ۖ َوالَّ ِذ َ‬
‫ين آ َمنُوا‬ ‫يُ ِحبُّونَ ُه ْم َك ُح ِّ‬
‫ش ُّد ُحبًّا لِّلَّـ ِه‬ ‫أَ َ‬

‫صبْ ِر‬ ‫َوتَ َوا َ‬

‫ص ْوا بِال َّ‬

‫ين‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫َ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬

‫َوآ َو ْينَا ُه َما إِلَ ٰى َر ْب َو ٍة ِ َ ٍ َ َ ِ ٍ‬
‫ذ‬
 Although ‫ ج‬is a letter that always has tarqeeq, its
characteristics such as jahr, shiddah and qalqalah should be
given their due rights, especially in the following examples:

‫ض‬
ِ ‫ر‬
ْ َ ‫أْل‬ ‫ا‬‫ق‬ ‫و‬
ِ ْ َ ‫ف‬‫ن‬ْ ‫م‬
ِ ‫ت‬ْ َّ ‫اجْتُ ث‬

ِ ّ ‫اسبِ ا ْل َح‬
‫ج‬ ِ َّ ‫ن‬
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ي‬ ِ ‫َوأ‬
‫ف‬‫ن‬ْ ِّ
‫ذ‬ َ

‫َوقُ ْر َآنا ْل َفجْ ِر‬

*‫ح‬ is always made tarqeeq. In the following examples, one
should be careful not to recite it with tafkheem due to the
influence of a takheem letter which may come after it:

ّ ‫ا ْل َح‬
ُ‫ق‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ح‬
َ َ ْ َ ‫ن‬
َ ‫آْل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ي‬
ِ ِ‫ز‬ ‫ع‬
َ ْ
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬
ُ َ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬
َ ‫م‬
ْ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬
ِ َ ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ ‫ق‬

ُ ‫أَ َحـط‬
‫ْـت‬

ّ ‫ا ْلـ َحـ‬
ُ‫ق‬
*‫ س‬in the following examples should
be paid more attention not to make it
heavy because of certain characteristics
of the letters following it.

‫ـيـم‬
ِ ِ‫س َتق‬ْ ‫ُم‬
Because of

‫ُـون‬
َ ‫سـط‬ ْ َ‫ي‬ strong
characteristic of
shiddah of ‫ت‬

‫ُـون‬
َ ‫س ـق‬ ْ َ‫ي‬
 ‫س ‪More examples of‬‬
‫‪recited lightly although a heavy letter comes before or after it‬‬

‫ق بَسْطَةً‬
‫َو َزا َد ُك ْم فِي ا ْل َخ ْل ِ‬
‫ورا‬‫ُ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫َ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ْ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫َك َ‬
‫ً‬ ‫ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ان ِ َ ِ‬
‫ف‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ذ‬
‫سطَا ِ‬
‫س‬ ‫بِا ْلقِ ْ‬
‫َولَ ْو نَ َّز ْلنَا َعلَ ْي َك ِكتَابًا فِي قِ ْرطَاسٍ‬
‫إِ َّن هَّللا َ يُ ِح ُّب ا ْل ُم ْقس ِِط َ‬
‫ين‬
‫ون‬
‫َو ُه ْم يَس ُْج ُد َ‬
* There are words in the Qur’an that are almost similar
but differ from each other by the letters ‫ س‬and ‫ص‬ .
‫ص‬ VS ‫س‬
َ َ‫أ‬
‫ص ُّروا‬ ‫س ُّروا‬َ َ‫أ‬
‫ون‬
َ ُ‫ص َحب‬ ْ ُ‫ي‬ ‫ون‬
َ ُ‫س َحب‬ ْ ُ‫ي‬
َ َ‫ق‬
‫ص ْمنَا‬ َ َ‫ق‬
‫س ْمنَا‬
‫ون‬
َ ‫صبِ ُح‬ ْ ُ‫ت‬ ‫ون‬
َ ‫سبِّ ُح‬ َ ُ‫ي‬
In these cases ‫ س‬should be made low and light while
‫ ص‬- heavy and high; otherwise meanings will get
mixed together. Safeer characteristic of ‫ س‬should be
made clear to distinguish it from the heavy ‫ص‬.
* ‫ ل‬and ‫ ن‬have a very close makhraj; thus, we
might very easily make idghaam(merging) of ‫ل‬
into ‫ ن‬accompanied by ghunnah in the following
words if we are not careful:

‫ ل‬should be recited clearly

with Tarqeeq and its ‫َج َعْلنَـا‬
‫ضلَْلـنَـا‬
lightness in such cases
َ
‫أَ ْن َزْلنا‬
َ ‫أَ ْر‬
‫سْلنا‬
* In the following words ‫ ن‬and ‫ غ‬with
sukoon should be pronounced clearly and
not moved (not with qalqalah like vibration
of the sound).

‫أَن َْع ْم َـت‬ When ‫ ن‬sakinah

‫ـوب‬
ِ ‫ْض‬
ُ ‫َمغ‬
is followed by
any throat letter,
it should be
recited clearly
(rule of Izhaar)
 ‫ ذ‬and ‫ ظ‬have the same makhraj but have
different characteristics, so they should be
pronounced distinctly and accurately, otherwise it
might mix up words like
Itbaaq and
Isti’laa,
Infitaah and
‫َم ْحظُـو ًرا‬
Tafkheem
Istifaal, charactersitics
Tarqeeq
characteristics
‫ـحـذُو ًرا‬
ْ ‫َم‬
They might sound the same if the
characteristics are not applied
appropriately.
* Likewise, with ‫ س‬and ‫ ص‬in the following
words.

‫َعـس َـى‬ vs. ‫َعـص َـى‬

Istifaal and Itbaaq and
Infitaah,Tarqeeq Isti’laa,Tafkheem
charactersitics characteristics

These two letters have the same makhraj and only

their characteristics distinguish them from each
other. Therefore, it is very important to be careful
with the variation of characteristics in similar
letters in order to avoid the errors in recitation.
* Although ‫ ت‬and ‫ ك‬are the letters of tarqeeq, their
shiddah characteristic should also be evident and it
is done by keeping the tongue firm against the
makhraj of the ‫ ت‬and ‫ك‬, and also make sure to
give them a soft Hams characteristic but not too
much. The examples mentioned by Imam al-
Jazariyy are:
‫ش ْر ِككُ ْم‬ِ ِ‫ب‬
‫اس َككُ ْم‬ِ َ‫َمن‬
‫س لَ َككُ ْم‬ َ ‫َما‬
‫ا َّل ِذ َينتَ َت َوفَّا ُه ُم‬
ً‫صة‬
َّ ‫صيبَ َّنا َّل ِذ َينظَلَ ُموا ِم ْن ُك ْم َخ ا‬ ِ ُ‫َواتَّ ُقوا ف ِتْنَ ًة اَل ت‬