Lesson Title: The Role of Negative Feedback

Connector: Questions on prior 03/21/2021

learning linked to todays lesson:

Guess the Organ

game on the
following slides.
 Guess the organ!

Be the first team to put your hand up to guess what the

organ is and win!
 Guess the organ!

Be the first team to put your hand up to guess what the

organ is and win!

gl a nd
hy ro i d
T
 Guess the organ!

Be the first team to put your hand up to guess what the

organ is and win!
 Guess the organ!

Be the first team to put your hand up to guess what the

organ is and win!

Bra i n
 Guess the organ!

Be the first team to put your hand up to guess what the

organ is and win!
 Guess the organ!

Be the first team to put your hand up to guess what the

organ is and win!

nc re as
Pa
 Guess the organ!

Be the first team to put your hand up to guess what the

organ is and win!
 Guess the organ!

Be the first team to put your hand up to guess what the

organ is and win!

gl a nd
tu i ta r y
Pi
 Learning Outcomes
Aiming for Grade 8
• I can explain how adrenaline prepares the body for ‘fight or flight’.
• I can design labelled flow diagrams of negative feedback control.

03/21/2021
 The section of your
Checklist we are covering
today

03/21/2021
 Negative feedback system

A thermostat works in the same way as a negative

feedback system.

A thermostat detects the temperature. If the

temperature is outside the normal range the
thermostat will respond.

If the temperature is too high the thermostat will

turn the heating off. If the temperature is too low the
heating will come on.

These changes occur until the temperature has been

brought back to normal range.

Therefore, a negative feedback system responds in a

opposite way to the stimulus to bring the system
back into the normal range.
 The thyroid gland
The thyroid gland affects our activity by producing the hormone
thyroxine. Thyroxine stimulates the body’s basal metabolic rate – it
increases the metabolism of all the body’s cells.

Under- or over-active thyroid glands are

common. As adults, these conditions are fairly
easily treated. But thyroxine also controls our
growth and development – starting in the uterus.
In the embryo, infant or child, mental and
physical development is severely retarded by
insufficient levels of thyroxine.

Common symptoms of an
underactive thyroid include
feeling tired, sluggish, gaining
weight, having a slow heart rate
and feeling cold.
 Thyroxine control

Add the correct words/labels onto the template

sheet to describe how the negative-feedback
system controls thyroxine secretion.
Template sheet
Thyroid-
stimulating Target cells
hormone

Levels too
Inhibition
high
Thyroid gland

Levels too low Pituitary

gland

Thyroid
Stimulation
hormone
(secretion)
(thyroxine)
 Card sort – Pituitary
ANSWERS! gland

Check your work

Stimulation
and make any Inhibition Thyroid-
stimulating
(secretion)
corrections in hormone

green pen.
Thyroid
gland

Thyroid
hormone

Levels too Levels too

high low

Target
cells
The adrenal glands
Adrenal glands produce adrenaline which
prepares the body for rapid activity by
increasing the heart rate and level of
sugar in the blood.

Adrenaline causes the blood to divert to

the muscles and the brain so that the
body is ready to respond to danger.

In doing so it prepares the body for action

– ‘fight or flight’ response.

The adrenal gland targets the vital organs

such as the liver and the heart. Unlike
thyroxine, adrenaline is not controlled by
negative feedback.
 Fill in the missing words
• Thyroxine from the thyroid gland stimulates the basal
_________ rate. It plays an important role in
growth and ________.
• Adrenaline is produced by the ________ glands in
times of fear or stress. It increases the ________
rate and boosts the delivery of _______ and glucose
to the _______ and muscles, preparing the body
for ‘fight or flight’.
• Thyroxine is controlled by negative ________
whereas _________ is not.
development metabolic adrenaline brain

adrenal heart oxygen feedback

 Plenary: Fill in the missing words – ANSWERS!
• Thyroxine from the thyroid gland stimulates the basal
metabolic rate. It plays an important role in
growth and development.
• Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands in
times of fear or stress. It increases the heart rate and
boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the
brain and muscles, preparing the body for ‘fight or
flight’.
• Thyroxine is controlled by negative feedback whereas
adrenaline is not.
development metabolic adrenaline brain

adrenal heart oxygen feedback

 6 Mark QWC Questions
Compare the feedback and control systems in the
human body for thyroxine and adrenaline. 
 Peer-Assessment
Students need to make at least 6 of the following points, in a logical order:
• Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by the pituitary gland.
• TSH is released into the blood, and binds to receptors on the thyroid gland.
• This causes the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine.
• When thyroxine levels in blood get higher than the threshold,
• Thyroxine levels are detected by the pituitary gland.
• This inhibits (stops) the production of TSH.
• When TSH levels decrease, the thyroid gland stops producing thyroxine.
• When thyroxine levels decrease, this triggers the pituitary gland to start
producing TSH again. This is a negative feedback loop.
• Adrenaline is not controlled by a negative feedback loop.
• Adrenaline production by the adrenal glands
• Is controlled by many other factors,
• Factors stated can include: stress, anger, excitement or the “fight or flight”
response.
 B11.4 Negative Feedback Exam Questions
The pancreas and the liver are both involved in the control of the
concentration of glucose in the blood. The liver has two veins:
  the hepatic portal vein taking blood from the small intestine to
the liver
  the hepatic vein taking blood from the liver back towards the
heart.
Scientists measured the concentration of glucose in samples of
blood taken from the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic vein.
The samples were taken 1 hour and 6 hours after a meal.
Graph 1 shows the concentration of glucose in the two blood
vessels 1 hour after the meal.
1. (a)     The concentration of glucose in the blood of the two
vessels is different. Explain why.
.........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................(3)
1 (b) Graph 2 shows the concentration of glucose in
the two blood vessels 6 hours after the meal.
1 (b) (i) The concentration of glucose in the blood in the hepatic portal
vein 1 hour after the meal is different from the concentration after 6
hours. Why?
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
(1)
1 (b) (ii) The person does not eat any more food during the next 6
hours after the meal. However, 6 hours after the meal, the
concentration of glucose in the blood in the hepatic vein is higher than
the concentration of glucose in the blood in the hepatic portal vein.
Explain why.
…................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................. (3)
(Total 7 marks)
 B11.4 Negative Feedback Exam Questions
1 (b) Graph 2 shows the concentration of glucose in
The pancreas and the liver are both involved in the control of the
the two blood vessels 6 hours after the meal.
concentration of glucose in the blood. The liver has two veins:
  the hepatic portal vein taking blood from the small intestine to
the liver
  the hepatic vein taking blood from the liver back towards the
heart.

Scientists measured the concentration of glucose in samples of

blood taken from the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic vein.
The samples were taken 1 hour and 6 hours after a meal.
Graph 1 shows the concentration of glucose in the two blood
vessels 1 hour after the meal.

1 (b) (i) The concentration of glucose in the blood in the hepatic portal
vein 1 hour after the meal is different from the concentration after 6
hours. Why?
..................................................................................................................
(after 6 hours) most of the glucose has been absorbed
..................................................................................................................
from the intestine or from food into the blood (1)
1 (b) (ii) The person does not eat any more food during the next 6
hours after the meal. However, 6 hours after the meal, the
concentration of glucose in the blood in the hepatic vein is higher than
the concentration of glucose in the blood in the hepatic portal vein.
Explain why.
1. (a)     The concentration of glucose in the blood of the two
because glucagon (made in the pancreas) causes;
…................................................................................................................
vessels is different. Explain why.
(concentration ...................................................................................................................
high) in the hepatic portal vein is blood with glycogen to be converted into glucose;
.........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
glucose released into blood; returning the blood glucose
glucose absorbed from the intestine;
..........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
conc. is lower in the hepatic vein because insulin; (has concentration back to normal levels; correct reference to
.............................................................................................. (3)
.........................................................................................................
caused) glucose to be converted into glycogen; or allows negative feedback control
.........................................................................................(3)
glucose into liver cells; (Total 7 marks)
 Challenge Task- Research Thyroxine and
the Thyroid gland, then complete this table
Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism

Cause

Symptoms

Treatment
It appears you have an
overactive thyroid