Autonomous Vehicles

By …
I. Autonomous vehicle : definition, potential
benefits and problems of the technology
A vehicle
capable of
sensing its
environment
and moving
with little or no -
+ human input

Reduced costs , increased safety, Safety risk : technological, security

increased mobility, increased (loss of privacy, possible hackers,
customer satisfaction and terrorism, legal framework &
reduced crime government regulations
5 recognized levels of automatization :
● Driver assistance systems support the driver through
automatic cruise control and automatic emergency

01 Hands on
Hands on
●
braking but do not take control.
Includes : Lane-keep assist, auto cruise control
● Who’s driving ? Driver is still in control

● Partly automated driving, driver assistance functions.

02 Hands off
●
●
Includes : Lane-change mode, self partking features
Who’s driving? Still human but the car is aware of
what is happening

● Highly automated driving. In certains situations, the

driver can disengage from driving for extended

03 Eyes off ●
●
periods of time
Includes : Next-gen sensors, algorithms, new laws
Who’s driving ? Driver still on standby but can be eyes-
off
● Fully automated driving. The car drives itself most of

04 Mind off ●
●
the time within specific areas (cities, motoway…)
Includes : Driverles cars, shared pods
Who’s driving? The driver can be mind-off

● Fully automated,there is no driver and people in the

car are all passengers.

05 Steering wheel optimal ●

●
Includes : far-roaming robo-taxis
Who’s driving ? There is no driver, people in the car are
all passengers
IV. The current development and application status of
the AV : perspectives and challenges
Level 3 of automation
Trials on large and easy to drive lanes, with
fewer traffic and light traffics

5 main technologies to be improved yet

Machine
Camera Maps Radar Lidars
Learning
Beside the technological aspect, a few
questions remain
The ethical question The legislative measures

- - Local laws
In terms of penalization, who is
- Restrictive rules : high fees and
responsible for an accident?
The constructor, the conceptor obligation to submit test results
of the hardware,..?
Deters companies from investing
Ex : the Uber accident who in AV’s developpment
killed a woman last year in
Pittsburgh