INTRODUCTION TO THE CELL

dr. Jan Tambayong, PHK

 Histology

 What is the need/purpose to study/to know Histology?

 Do you need it to be able to do your practice as a physician?
 NO
 Do you need it to become a doctor?
 YES, because it is needed to understand Pathology (Pathology is the study of
abnormalities or changes from the normal structure of the body)
 The Cell
the basic structural unit

 Components in most cell types

 The cell membrane
 A lipid bilayer (and associated proteins and carbohydrates)
 The cytoplasm
 Organelles
 Inclusions
 Cytoskeleton
 The nucleus
 The Cytoplasm

 Organelles are membrane-bounded

 Mitochondria
 Endoplasmic reticulum
 Golgi complex
 Lysosomes
 Peroxisomes
All specialized with specific function in cell metabolism
Energy generation
Protein synthesis
Product processing and packaging
Waste disposal
Mitosis
Mitosis
Mitosis
Mitosis
 Onion Mitosis

All stages. Chromosomes are red against a green background.

Golgi Apparatus (sect)
Trigeminal ganglion.
 Mitosis
Fish, Blastodisc (sect) ih

Demonstrating mitosis, asters, spindle fibers, and centrioles.

BASIC HISTOLOGY
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
 Epithelial tissue

 Epithelial tissues form cellular sheets

 that cover the external surface
 and line the cavities of the body
 or form secretory units

Most epithelial cells are separated from the connective tissue by the
basal lamina
 Epithelial tissue

 Classification of epithelia
 According to the number of cell layers
 Simple (one layer)
 Stratified (more than one layer)
 According to the morphological features of the cells in the surface
layer
 Squamous
 Cuboidal
 Columnar
Epithelial tissue

 Figure 1. Diagrams of simple

epithelial tissue. A: Simple
squamous epithelium. B: Simple
cuboidal epithelium. C: Simple
ciliated columnar epithelium. All are
separated from the subjacent
connective tissue by a basement
membrane. In C, note the terminal
bars that correspond in light
microscopy to the zonula occludens
and the zonula adherens of the
junctional complex.
Epithelial tissue

 Figure 2. Simple cuboidal epithelium

from kidney collecting tubules. Cells
of these tubules are responsive to the
antidiuretic hormone and control the
resorption of water from the
glomerular filtrate, thus affecting
urine density and helping retain the
water content of the body. PT stain.
Low magnification.
Epithelial tissue

 Figure 3. Simple columnar epithelium

that covers the inner cavity of the
uterus. Note that the epithelium rests
on the loose connective tissue of the
lamina propria. The epithelium and
the lamina propria constitute the
mucosa. H&E stain. Medium
magnification.