Content 1. Determine the current, voltage, power and energy for a capacitance or inductance. 2. Determine the equivalent capacitance and inductance from combination of series and parallel of capacitance and inductance.
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Capasitance • A capacitor is basically a device which stores an electric charge. Physically, it consists of two metal plates separated by insulating material or dielectric.
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• Application of a DC voltage across the capacitor produces deficiency of electrons on the positive plate and excess of electrons on the negative plate.
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• In an ideal capacitor, the stored charge q is proportional to the voltage between the plates: q = C.v the constant proportionality is the capacitance C, which has units of farads (F). Farads are equivalent to coulomb/volt
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Current and Voltage for a capacitance • Current at capacitor is the time rate of flow of charge
i = dq/dt = d (Cv)/dt = C . dv/dt
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• If the current (i) flowing through a capacitance C, we can calculate voltage (v) at the capacitor.
• and v = q/C
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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Figure 3.5 Waveforms for Example 3.2.
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Power and Energy for a capacitance • The power delivered to a circuit element is the product of the current and the voltage. P = V . I= V. (C . dv/dt)
• If we integrate the power delivered from t0 to t, we find
energy delivered.
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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Capacitances in parallel connection
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Capacitances in series connection
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• Find the equivalent capacitance for each of the circuit
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Inductance • An inductor is usually constructed by coiling a wire around some type of form.
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Current and Voltage for a inductance • Current flowing through the coil creates a magnetic field or flux. • For the ideal inductor, the voltage is proportional to the time rate of change of the current.
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Power and Energy for a inductance • The power delivered to a circuit element by taking the product of the current and the voltage. • Integrating the power delivered from t0 to t, we find energy delivered.
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Inductances in parallel and series connections
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• Find the equivalent inductance for each of the circuits.
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