SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY

BANGALADESH

Department of Civil Engineering

WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION

 Presentation of
Highway Engineering
SPOKEN ENGLISH
EN-1102
Supervised By
Salma Sharmin
Lecturer
Department of Civil Engineering
Southern University Bangladesh
 Team Aspire

Arshan-ul-Haque Joy Chowdhury Yasin Arafat Kazi Istaqbal Md

Safayet
030-17-01 030-17-02 030-17-03 030-17-04
Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Highway Engineering
3. Classification of Highways.
4. Highways Management.
 Highway Planning and Development Issues.
 Functional and Structural Design of Highways.
 Construction Maintenance & Management of
Highways.
5. Important Terminology in Highway Engineering.
6. Construction, Maintenance and Management of Highways.
7. Common Problems in Highway Roads.
8. Road Construction Techniques.
 Introduction

Transportation engineering is the

application of technology and scientific
principles to the planning, functional
design, operation, and management of
facilities for any mode of transportation
in order to provide for the safe, rapid,
comfortable, convenient, economical,
and environmentally compatible
movement of people and goods.
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

• Road or Highway engineering

• Rail engineering

• Air engineering

• Maritime engineering

• Pipeline engineering
 Road or Highway engineering

Road or Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching

from civil engineering that involves the planning, design, construction
operation, and maintenance of roads, bridge and tunnels to ensure safe
and effective transportation of people and goods.it became prominent
towards the latter half of the 20th century after world war ll
 Classification of Highways
Depending on Depending the type Depending upon the
weather of Carriage way pavement surface

 All weather  Paved roads(WBM)  Surfaced roads

roads  Unpaved roads(earth (bituminous or concrete
 Fair weather road or gravel road) road)
roads  Un surfaced roads

Based on the Traffic Based on Load or Based on location and

Volume Tonnage function

 Heavy  Class 1 or Class 2 Primary

 Medium etc National highway (NH)
 Light or State highway (SH)
 Class A , B etc Secondary
(Tons per day)  Major district road
(MDR)
Tertiary
 Other district road
(ODR)
 Village road (VR)
 Highways Management

For construction of any highways, the following factors are

to be considered.
Part – I :
Highway Planning and Development Issues.
Part – II :
Functional and Structural Design of Highways.
Part – III :
Construction, Maintenance and Management of Highways.
 Part – I : Highway Planning and Development
Issues.
Factors determining Highway Planning and Development Issues:
Financing Highways:
Financing structure and sources of finance are the primary role of government. Since the
investment is huge, the Government with a view to encourage the private participation in
these developmental projects offered various business, models like BOOT, BOLT & BOT.
 BOOT means Build Own Operate & Transfer.
 BOLT means Build Own Lease & Transfer.
 BOT means Build Operate & Transfer.

Access Management of Highways

Access Management (AM) is a set of techniques that are used to control access to
highways, and other roadways. The benefits of access management include improved
movement of traffic, reduced crashes, fewer vehicle conflicts and minimize interference to
traffic flow.
 Highway Planning and Development Issues
(Contd...)
Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway Development:
Minimizing adverse environmental impacts, can be achieved by integrating
environmental considerations into highway development planning,
design, and construction.

Highway Safety:
Design standards are essential for highway safety. The variables considered
include functional classification, volume, traffic mix, terrain, roadside
environment and character of travel.

Road Traffic Noise:

Road traffic noise, considered as one of the greatest public annoyances, is
often generated by unstable traffic. The traffic noise prediction models are
commonly designed to assist in the conception of new roads.
 Part – II : Functional & Structural Design of Highways.

Highway Geometric Design:

It refers to the calculations and analyses made by transportation designers to fit
the highway to the topography of the site while meeting the safety, service and
performance standards. To meet these objective, the following considerations
have to be properly addressed in the design process.

 Design speed & Design  Facilitate easy grade and curvature.

traffic volume.  Enable ruling gradient in

 Number of lanes & Lane width. most sections.
 Level of service.  Void sudden changes in
 Sight distance, Alignment, sight distance, especially near
super- elevation and grades. crossings.
 Cross section, Horizontal  Avoid sharp horizontal curves.
and vertical clearance.  Avoid road intersections near bend
or at the top or bottom of a hill.
 Functional & Structural Design of Highways (Contd…)

Highway Design Process:

A highway designer is concerned with at least four major areas of design at
different stages of project planning and design phases:
(1) Location Design;
Location design takes place at the earlier stage of project planning. It refers to
the macro-level routing of a planned highway connecting two points through
the existing highways, communities, natural terrain.
(2) Access Design:
With all the necessary inputs like lane-use master plan, population, survey
maps, geology, ecological, biological, environmental information; and aerial
photographs, several potential routes are drawn up by the designer on a
contour map. After final approvals from competent person, the designer then
proceeds with the detailed alignment, cross sectional and access design.
Functional & Structural Design of Highways. (Contd..)
(3) Highway Alignment:
 The position or lay out of centre line of the highway on the ground
is called the alignment.
 It includes straight path, horizontal deviation and curves.
 If there is improper alignment ,then this may lead to:
 Increase in construction cost.
 Increase in maintenance cost,
 Increase in vehicle operation cost.
 Increase in accident rate.
 Once the road is aligned and constructed, it is not easy to change
the alignment due to increase in cost of adjoining land and
construction of costly structure.
Functional & Structural Design of Highways. (Contd..)

(4) Cross Sectional Design:-

The cross section of a road includes:-

 Right of way.
 Carriage way.
 Camber or cross slope.
 Kerbs.
 Road margins.
 Shoulders.
 Parking lanes.
 Bus-bays.
 Service roads.
 Footpath.
Important Terminology inHighway Engineering

Shoulder Drainage
Road way

Carriage way

Traffic
Barrier
Kerb
 Part – III : Construction, Maintenance and
Management of Highways
 The quality of a project Highway construction depends on material
quality, skill and commitment of the work force.
 Technology, & modern machinery have raised the level of skill sets
required to understand and manage highway construction projects.
 Construction of a highway today requires broad knowledge of
a
number of elements which could be divided into technical
and
commercial elements of the system and process, respectively.
 The technical elements include materials, material
quality, installation techniques, and traffic control systems, etc.
 The commercial project elements include understanding of
Road Construction Techniques
Road Construction Techniques
 Road Construction Techniques
Sequence of Construction Operations:
 Earthwork and Subgrade Preparation.
 Sub-base Construction.
 Gravel Base/Surface Course Construction.
 Providing Gravel Surface.
 Sealing a Gravel Road.
 One-Coat and Two-Coat Surface Dressing.
 Providing 20 mm Bituminous Premix Carpet.
 Seal Coat / Tack coat
 Road Marking
Step by step process of road construction
Earthwork and SubgradePreparation Sub-base construction

Gravel Base/Surface Course Construction Providing Gravel surface

One-Coat and Two-Coat Surface Dressing Sealing a Gravel Road

Providing 20 mm Bituminous Premix

Rolling & Compaction
Carpet
Highway Maintenance Management System

Common Problems in Highway Roads:

 Potholes
 Pavement Unevenness
 Raveling
 Rutting
 Slippage Cracking
 Alligator Cracking
 Reflective Cracking
 Shrinkage Cracking
Common Problems in Highway Roads
Pot Holes Pavement Unevenness
Common Problems in Highway Roads
Raveling Rutting
Common Problems in Highway Roads

Slippage Cracking Alligator Cracking

Common Problems in Highway Roads
Reflective Cracking Shrinkage Cracking
Highway Maintenance Management System

Highway maintenance has the following objectives:

 The repair of the functional pavement defects.
 Prolonging the functional and structural life of the
pavement.
 Maintaining road safety and signage.
 Keeping the road reserve in an acceptable condition.
Types of Highway Maintenance:
 Preventive maintenance
 Remedial maintenance
 Emergency maintenance
Different types of road
 Conclusion

Roads and highways makes a crucial contribution to economic

development and growth and brings social benefits.In Addition
providing access to employment ,social ,health and education
services makes a road network crucial in fighting against
proverty.For those reasons roads and highway infrastructure is
the most important of all public asset.Highway engineering
involves the estimation of current and future traffic volumes.So
for the development of any country or the world the
advancement of the highway engineering is most important.
Thank
You