OSI Model Overview

Application
Application
(Upper) Presentation
Layers
Session

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-1

 OSI Model Overview

Application
Application
(Upper) Presentation
Layers
Session

Transport Layer

Network Layer
Data Flow
Layers
Data Link

Physical

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-2

 Role of Application Layers
EXAMPLES

User Interface
Telnet
Application
HTTP

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-3

 Role of Application Layers
EXAMPLES

User Interface
Telnet
Application
HTTP

• How data is presented ASCII

Presentation • Special processing EBCDIC
such as encryption JPEG

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-4

 Role of Application Layers
EXAMPLES

User Interface
Telnet
Application
HTTP

• How data is presented ASCII

Presentation • Special processing EBCDIC
such as encryption JPEG
Keeping different Operating System/
Session applications’
Application Access
data separate
Scheduling

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-5

 Role of Application Layers
EXAMPLES

User Interface
Telnet
Application
HTTP

• How data is presented ASCII

Presentation • Special processing EBCDIC
such as encryption JPEG
Keeping different Operating System/
Session applications’
Application Access
data separate
Scheduling
Transport Layer

Network Layer

Data Link

Physical

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-6

 Role of Data Flow Layers

EXAMPLES

• Move bits between devices

Physical • Specifies voltage, wire speed and EIA/TIA-232
pin-out cables V.35
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-7
 Role of Data Flow Layers

EXAMPLES

• Combines bits into bytes and

bytes into frames 802.3 / 802.2
Data Link • Access to media using MAC address HDLC
• Error detection not correction
• Move bits between devices
Physical • Specifies voltage, wire speed and EIA/TIA-232
pin-out cables V.35
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-8
 Role of Data Flow Layers

EXAMPLES

Provide logical addressing which IP

Network
routers use for path determination IPX
• Combines bits into bytes and
bytes into frames 802.3 / 802.2
Data Link • Access to media using MAC address HDLC
• Error detection not correction
• Move bits between devices
Physical • Specifies voltage, wire speed and EIA/TIA-232
pin-out cables V.35
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-9
 Role of Data Flow Layers

EXAMPLES

• Reliable or unreliable delivery TCP

Transport • Error correction before retransmit UDP
SPX
Provide logical addressing which IP
Network
routers use for path determination IPX
• Combines bits into bytes and
bytes into frames 802.3 / 802.2
Data Link • Access to media using MAC address HDLC
• Error detection not correction
• Move bits between devices
Physical • Specifies voltage, wire speed and EIA/TIA-232
pin-out cables V.35
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-10
 Role of Data Flow Layers
Application
Presentation
EXAMPLES
Session
• Reliable or unreliable delivery TCP
Transport • Error correction before retransmit UDP
SPX
Provide logical addressing which IP
Network
routers use for path determination IPX
• Combines bits into bytes and
bytes into frames 802.3 / 802.2
Data Link • Access to media using MAC address HDLC
• Error detection not correction
• Move bits between devices
Physical • Specifies voltage, wire speed and EIA/TIA-232
pin-out cables V.35
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-11
 Encapsulating Data
Application
Presentation
Session
PDU
Upper Layer Data
Segment
Transport
TCP Header Upper Layer Data

Network Packet
IP Header Data

LLC Header Data FCS

Data Link Frame

MAC Header Data FCS

Physical Bits
0101110101001000010
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-12
 De-encapsulating Data

Application
Presentation
Session
Upper Layer Data
Transport
Upper Layer Data
ea der
H
Network TCP
TCP+ Upper Layer Data
e a der
IP H
IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data
r
Data Link
He ade
L LC
LLC Hdr + IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data
e a der
ACH
M
Physical
0101110101001000010
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-13
 Physical Layer Functions

Defines

EIA/TIA-232
• Media type

Ethernet

802.3
Physical
• Connector type

V.35
• Signaling type

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-14

 Physical Layer: Ethernet/802.3

10Base2—Thick Ethernet
10Base5—Thick Ethernet

Host
Hub
10BaseT—Twisted Pair

Hosts

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-15

 Hubs Operate at Physical layer

Physical

A B C D

• All devices in the same collision domain

• All devices in the same broadcast domain
• Devices share the same bandwidth
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—2-16