STUDY OF PHILIPPINE VALUES

LESSON 7
WHAT ARE VALUES?
• VALUES
 Understood as desirable
 Mercado: they thought to be good or desired.
 Lynch: the standards used in making decisions.
 National Historical Commission: something to be
realized.
 Felipe Landa Jocano: they are sources of
reasons why we see and do things the way we
do.
HE PROPOSED THE TRANSLATION OF
VALUE AS:
• PAMANTAYAN – serves as the societies code of
meanings, as internal rules, directive force and as
a system of relationships.
-mechanism of the society to conform with the
standards set by the society per se.
Evident social aspect of values:

 We learn values
 We acquire values
 We develop values culturally

 But… DESIRABILITY is culturally defined.

VALUES RESEARCH
• Flourished in the 1960’s with the Institute of the
Philippine Culture of Ateneo de Manila
University as the forefront.
• Notable researchers: Jaime Bulatao and Frank
Lynch
Institute of the Philippine
Culture
• A social science research organization of the
School of Social Sciences of the Loyola
Schools, Ateneo de Manila University.
• Founded in 1960
• It seeks a better understanding of culture and
society in the Philippines and other Asian
countries, an improved quality of life for
disadvantaged groups, and a more peaceful,
just, and equitable national and global society.
LYNCH’S 4 PREVALENT
FILIPINO VALUES.
PAKIKISAMA
• (GETTING ALONG TOGETHER)
• The desire for smooth interpersonal relations.
• It has something to do with pleasantness in
interacting with others
• It intends to achieve cooperation, peace, and
unity with other people.
• It could entail that a person sacrifices his own
conviction, desires, aims or even values just so
he could “go with the flow” or sumabay sa agos
which involves SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE in all
forms.
.
PAKIKISAMA
• EUPHEMISM – sugar coating unpleasant or
harsh words to avoid offending the other.
 It is on the belief that harsh or unpleasant
opinion, even when true can create
disagreements and animosity.
• GO BETWEEN – defined as the use of third
party to prevent embarrassing situations or
avoid shame of a face to face encounter.
 The third party mediates for the two other parties
concerned.
UTANG NA LOOB
• DEBT OF GRATITUDE
• One thing that Filipinos find difficult to repay
and to forget.
• Too difficult to measure – a person feels
indebted to someone, throughout his lifetime.
• RECIPROCITY – when one feels obliged to
return the favor given to him by another person.
HIYA
• the sensitivity to personal affront
• Sensitivity to interpersonal discourtesy or insult
• Conformity with all aspects of the social code,
• Because of the image of every Filipino is given
so much PREMIUM in the society, he will try to
avoid anything that may cause SHAME.
• ANDRES: Hiya is a strong cultural force to
achieve social acceptance that endangers
behaviors toward smooth interpersonal
relationships
HIYA

• POSITIVE FACTOR: desire to gain acceptance

and respect necessary to overcome short
comings.
• HIYA is also seen as a painful feeling due to
consciousness of guild or impropriety of act.
AMOR PROPIO
• Closely connected to hiya.
• Translated as SELF ESTEEM.
• It has something to do with being sensitive to
personal insult.
• It goes with the necessity to treat everyone with
courtesy and dignity.
• Lynch however, observed that Filipinos will do
everything to avoid “hiya” and maintain amor
propio.
 It is described as an emotional high tension wire
that regards the individual’s dearest self,
proctecting from disparagement or question the
qualities he most jealously guards.
WRITTEN WORK
• ANSWER THE FOLLOWING ITEMS BRIEFLY
1. What are values? Explain why values are
described as culture bounds (dictates our
behavior)
2. Give the similarities of Hiya and Amor Propio.
3. Explain how Utang na Loob becomes a
NEGATIVE element in the political
environment.
4. Identify 10 values observed in the Filipino
Culture.
PERFORMANCE TASK
• Explain how the following Filipino values remain
relevant and observable in the contemporary
society. Analyze the positive and negative
aspects of the said values.

FILIPINO POSITIVE NEGATIVE

VALUES
Utang na Loob
Amor Propio
Hiya
Pakikisama