The Cavity Mutiny:

Significant Factors &

Controversies
Group E: Lea Incog
Joyce Liwag
Dannah Hernandez
Shiela Maneclang
Lyca Joy Magat
 Contents of This Presentation
● What is Cavity Mutiny?

● What is the significant Factors of Cavity Mutiny?

● What are the controversies of Cavity Mutiny?

What is Cavity Mutiny?

The Cavite mutiny of 1872 was an uprising of

Filipino military personnel of Fort San Felipe,
the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, Philippine
Islands on 20 January 1872. Around 200 locally
recruited colonial troops and laborers rose up
in the belief that it would elevate to a national
uprising.
What is Cavity Mutiny?

 became the excuse for Spanish repression

of the embryonic Philippine nationalist
movement. Ironically, the harsh reaction
of the Spanish authorities served
ultimately to promote the
nationalist cause.
What is Cavity Mutiny?
The mutiny was quickly crushed, but the
Spanish regime under the reactionary governor
Rafael de Izquierdo magnified the incident and
used it as an excuse to clamp down on those
Filipinos who had been calling for
governmental reform. A number of Filipino 
intellectuals were seized and accused of
complicity with the mutineers. After a brief
trial, three priests—José Burgos, Jacinto
Zamora, and Mariano Gómez—were publicly
executed. The three subsequently became 
martyrs to the cause of Philippine
independence.
 Two major events happened in 1872, first was the 1872 Cavite
Mutiny and the other was the martyrdom of the three martyr
priests in the persons of Fathers Mariano Gomes, Jose Burgos
and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA).  However, not all of us
knew that there were different accounts in reference to the said
event.  All Filipinos must know the different sides of the story—
since this event led to another tragic yet meaningful part of our
history—the execution of GOMBURZA which in effect a major
factor in the awakening of nationalism among the Filipinos.
 WHAT IS
GOMBURZA?
Gomburza, alternatively stylized
as GOMBURZA or GomBurZa, refers to three
Filipino Catholic priests (Mariano Gómez, José
Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora) who were executed
by garrote on 17 February 1872 in Bagumbayan,
Philippines by Spanish colonial authorities on
charges of subversion arising from the 1872 Cavite
mutiny.
The Execution of Gomburza
On February 15, 1872, the Spanish colonial authorities
sentenced three martyr Fathers Jose Burgos, 
Mariano Gómez and Jacinto Zamora to death by garrote at
Bagumbayan, Philippines and charged with treason and
sedition, and subversion. Two days after their verdict, they
were executed. The charges against Fathers Gomez, Burgos
and Zamora was their alleged complicity in the uprising of
workers at the Cavite Naval Yard. It was believed by
Governor Rafael Izquierdo that the Filipinos will create its
own government and allegedly, the three priests were
nominated as the leader of the planned government in order
to break free of the Spanish government.
The Execution of Gomburza
The death of Gomburza awakened strong spirits of anger
and resentment among the Filipinos. They grilled Spanish
authorities and demanded reforms due to the prejudicial
governance of the Spanish Authorities. The martyrdom of
the three priests, ironically, assisted in the creation of the 
Propaganda Movement which aimed to seek reforms and
inform the Spanish people on the abuses of its colonial
authorities in the Philippine Islands.
The Execution of Gomburza
Besides from Gomburza execution, on January 28, 1872
the military court sentenced 41 mutineers to death.
However, on the next day Governor Rafael Izquierdo
pardoned 28 mutineers and the rest were confirmed to
sentence. On February 6, 1872, 11 mutineers were
sentenced to death but Governor Izquierdo commuted
their death sentences to life imprisonment. Together with
execution of garrotte to the three martyrs was Enrique
Paraiso, Maximo Innocencio and Crisanto Delos Reyes
were imposed to ten years imprisonment.
The Execution of Gomburza
Furthermore, there were people being sentenced by the
military court of Spain to exile them to the Marianas (now
Guam): Fr. Pedro Dandan, Fr. Mariano Sevilla, Toribio H.
del Pilar (brother of Marcelo H. del Pilar), Agustin
Mendoza, Jose Guevara, Miguel Lasa, Justo Guazon, Fr.
Aniceto Desiderio, Fr. Vicente del Rosario, Joaquin Pardo
de Tavera, Antonio Ma. Regidor, Jose Basa y Enriquez,
Mauricio de Leon, Pedro Carillo, Gervasio Sanchez, Jose
Ma. Basa, Pio Basa, Balvino Mauricio, Maximo Paterno
(father of Pedro Paterno), and Valentin Tosca.
 What are the
Significant Factors
of Cavity Mutiny?
Factors of the Cavite mutiny:
● Spanish Accounts of the Mutiny
Jose Montero y Vidal is a Spanish Historian, who
interpreted that the Mutiny was an attempt to
remove and overthrow the Spanish Colonizers in
the Philippines. His account, corroborated with
the account of Governor - General Rafael
Izquidero y Gutierrez, the governor-general of the
Philippine Islands during the Mutiny. They
mentioned that the mutiny was powered by a
group of native clergy.
Factors of the Cavite mutiny:
● Account of Jose Montero y Vidal
The Cavite Mutiny is an aim of natives to get rid of
the Spanish government in the Philippines, due to
the removal of privileges enjoyed by the laborers of
the Cavite arsenal such as exemption from the
tribute and forced labor. The democratic and
republican books and pamphlets, the speeches and
preaching of the apostles of these new ideas in Spain
and the outburst of the American publicists and the
cruel policies of the insensitive governor whom the
reigning government sent to govern the country.
Filipinos put into action these ideas where the
occurring conditions which gave rise to the idea of
Factors of the Cavite mutiny:
● Account of Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo
y Gutiérrez
He insisted that the mutiny is stimulated and prepared
by the native clergy, mestizos and lawyers as a signal
of objection against the injustices of the government
such as not paying provinces for tobacco crops, pay
tribute and rendering of forced labor. It is not clearly
identified if Indios planned to inaugurate a monarchy
or a republic because they don't have a word in their
own language to describe this different form of
government, whose leader in Filipino would be called
"hari". However, it turned out that they would set at the
supreme of the government a priest, that the leader
selected would be Jose Burgos or Jacinto Zamora
which is the plan of the rebels who guided them, and
Other Factors of the Mutiny
Account of Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
The event is just a simple mutiny since up to that time the
Filipinos have no intention of separation from Spain but
only secure materials and education advancements in the
country. However, the mutiny was used at a powerful level.
Also, in this time, the central government deprived friars of
the powers of involvement in civil government and in
governing and handling universities. This resulted in the
friars afraid that their leverage in the Philippines would be
a thing in the past, took advantage of the mutiny and
reported it to the Spanish government as a broad conspiracy
organized throughout the archipelago with the object of
abolishing Spanish sovereignty. The Madrid government
without any attempt to investigate the real facts or extent of
the alleged revolution reported by Izquierdo and the friars
believed the scheme was true.
Other Factors of the Mutiny
Account of Edmund Plauchut
He traced the immediate cause to a peremptory order from the
governor, Izquierdo, exacting personal taxes from the Filipino
laborers in the engineering and artillery corps in the Cavite
arsenal, and requiring them to perform forced labor like
ordinary subjects. Until then, these workers in the arsenal had
been enjoying exemptions from both taxes and forced labor.
January 20, the day of the revolt, was payday and the laborers
found the amount of taxes as well as the corresponding fee in
lieu of the forced labor deducted from their pay envelopes. It
was the last straw. That night they mutinied. Forty infantry
soldiers and twenty men from the artillery took over
command of the Fort of San Felipe and fired cannonades to
announce to the world their moment of triumph. It was a
short-lived victory.
CONTROVERSIES
OF CAVITE
MUTINY
Behind the story of Cavite
Mutiny
● During the short trial, the captured mutineers testified against José
Burgos. The state witness, Francisco Saldua, declared that he had
been told by one of the Basa brothers that the government of
Father Burgos would bring a navy fleet of the United States to
assist a revolution with which Ramón Maurente, the supposed field
marshal, was financing with 50,000 pesos. The heads of the friar
orders held a conference and decided to get rid of Burgos by
implicating him to a plot. One Franciscan friar disguised as Burgos
and suggested a mutiny to the mutineers. The senior friars used
an una fuerte suma de dinero or a banquet to convince Governor-
General Rafael Izquierdo that Burgos was the mastermind of the
coup.
● Gómez and Zamora were close associates of Burgos, so
they too were included in the allegations. Also, Francisco
Saldua had been the principal informer against the three
priests. His statement had been the main basis for the
convictions and he had been promised pardon in
exchange for his testimony, however, he was condemned
along with the three. He was the first to be executed
among them on February 17, 1872.
● The Central Government of Madrid proclaimed that they want to
deprive the friars of all the power of intervention in matters of civil
government and direction and management of educational
institutions. The friars feared that their dominance in the country
would become a thing of the past, and that they needed something
to justify their perpetuation, with the mutiny providing such an
opportunity. However, the Philippine Institute was introduced by
the Spanish government as an educational decree fusing sectarian
schools once ran by the friars. This decree aimed to improve the
standard of education in the Philippines by requiring teaching
positions in these schools to be filled by competitive examinations,
an important step welcomed by most Filipinos.
THE UNREVEALING
TRUTH
 Considering the four accounts of the 1872
Mutiny, there were some basic facts that
remained to be unvarying: First, there was
dissatisfaction among the workers of the arsenal
as well as the members of the native army after
their privileges were drawn back by Gen.
Izquierdo; 
  Second, Gen. Izquierdo introduced rigid and
strict policies that made the Filipinos move and
turn away from Spanish government out of
disgust;
 Third, the Central Government failed to
conduct an investigation on what truly
transpired but relied on reports of Izquierdo
and the friars and the opinion of the public;
 Fourth, the happy days of the friars were
already numbered in 1872 when the Central
Government in Spain decided to deprive them of
the power to intervene in government affairs as
well as in the direction and management of
schools prompting them to commit frantic
moves to extend their stay and power; 
 Fifth,  the Filipino clergy members actively
participated in the secularization movement in
order to  allow Filipino priests to take hold of
the parishes in the country making them prey to
the rage of the friars;
Sixth, Filipinos during the time were active
participants, and responded to what they
deemed as injustices; 
and Lastly, the execution of GOMBURZA was a
blunder on the part of the Spanish government,
for the action severed the ill-feelings of the
Filipinos and the event inspired Filipino patriots
to call for reforms and eventually
independence.  There may be different versions
of the event, but one thing is certain, the 1872
Cavite Mutiny paved way for a momentous
1898.
The road to independence was rough and tough to toddle, many
patriots named and unnamed shed their bloods to attain
reforms and achieve independence.  12 June 1898 may be a
glorious event for us, but we should not forget that before we
came across to victory, our forefathers suffered enough.  As
weenjoy our freeedom, may we be more historically aware of
our past to have a better future ahead of us.  And just like what
Elias said in Noli me Tangere, may we “not forget those who fell
during the night.”
 THANK
YOU FOR
LISTENING

 SOURCES:
● https://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_Cavite_mutiny
● https://nhcp.gov.ph/the-two-faces-of-the-1872-ca
vite-mutiny
/
● https://
www.britannica.com/topic/Western-colonialism