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Interior of the Earth
The earth consists of four concentric shells,
which are separated by three discontinuities.
At these boundaries, earthquake waves
changes in speed and direction. These four
shells of the earth are called the crust, the
mantle, the outer core, and the inner core.
They differ in state or condition, in
composition, in density, and in elasticity. The
degree of elasticity is factor that determines
the speed of earthquake.
 The crust extends down to the
Mohorovieie (M-) discontinuity (or
Moho) and includes the continents
(which consist mostly of granite) and the
ocean basins (which consist mostly of
basalt). Only the outer part of crust is
visible; deeper rocks may become
exposed by uplift, erosion, or may be
brought to the surface by volcanism.
The continent and ocean basins are
more or less in balance with another.
This tendency toward equilibrium is
termed isostasy. The continents stand
higher than the ocean basins because
they are lighter. Both the heavy and
the light columns of rock, however,
are in balance at an unknown depth
called the level of compensation.
Below the crust is the mantle. It
consists of two or three zones of rock
that are under considerable pressure,
which keeps the rock from the melting
at the high temperature that exists
there. The bottom of the mantle is
marked by the Wiechert-Gutenberg
discontinuity, 1,800 miles down.
The outer core is 1,360 mile thick.
In spite of increased pressure at
this depth, the temperature is
high enough to keep this zone in a
molten state. The composition is
believed to be largely iron,
perhaps like that of iron-nickel
meteorites.
The inner core extends 790 miles
to the center of the earth, where its
specific gravity may be more than
17. The enormous pressure
(perhaps 3 million times that at the
surface) keeps this zone solid in
spite of the high temperature.
Zoning of the earth is one of the
majors that must be accounted for
by any acceptable hypothesis of
the origin of the earth.
Answer the question below !
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