Deflection of Beams

Geometric Method
 Moment-Area or Area-Moment Theorems
Theorem 1:

The change in slope between two points is equal to the area of the M/EI diagram (moment
diagram divided by the flexural rigidity of the beam between these two points.

  𝐴 𝐴𝐵
𝜃 𝐵/ 𝐴 =
𝐸𝐼
 Moment-Area or Area-Moment Theorems
Theorem 2:

The deviation of point A with respect to the slope at B is

equal to the area of the M/EI diagram multiplied with the
distance of its centroid from A.

The term deviation means that the vertical distance of

any point in the elastic curve from the tangent line of any
other chosen point in the same curve

+ if the point is above the tangent line

- If the point is below the tangent line

 Moment-Area or Area-Moment Theorems
Theorem 2:

The deviation of point B with respect to the slope at A is

equal to the area of the M/EI diagram multiplied with the
distance of its centroid from B.

The term deviation means that the vertical distance of

any point in the elastic curve from the tangent line of any
other chosen point in the same curve

+ if the point is above the tangent line

- If the point is below the tangent line

 Moment-Area or Area-Moment Theorems

+ if the point is above the tangent line

- If the point is below the tangent line

 Moment-Area or Area-Moment Theorems
Application of the moment-area method:
Cantilever Beams:

  So
 Moment-Area or Area-Moment Theorems
Simply Supported Beams

 
 
 Moment-Area or Area-Moment Theorems
Properties of Areas:
 Moment-Area or Area-Moment Theorems
Properties of Areas:
 Moment-Area or Area-Moment Theorems
Properties of Areas:
 Moment-Area or Area-Moment Theorems
Ratio and Proportion:

𝑛𝑡 h degree
 𝒚 𝟐  𝒚 𝟐
 𝒚 𝟏
 𝒚 𝟏

 𝒙𝟏  𝒙𝟏

 𝒙𝟐  𝒙𝟐

 𝑥1 𝑥2  𝑥 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
1 2
= =
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦1 𝑦2
 Moment-Area or Area-Moment Theorems
Division of Area:

𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠  𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑙

𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑙
 

0𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
 
 Moment-Area or Area-Moment Theorems
Division of Area:

𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠  𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑙

𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑙
 

0𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
 
 Examples
The cantilever beam AB of length L shown in the
figure carries a uniformly distributed load of
intensity w0, which includes the weight of the
beam. Compute the maximum displacement if
the beam is a W12 x 35 section ( I = 285 in4 )
using L = 8 ft, w0 = 400 lb/ft, and E = 29 x 106
psi.
 Examples
Solution:

Solve the reactions of the beam: Draw the deflection curve and the tangent to the curve:

 Thus,
 Examples
Solution:

It is much convenient to draw the Moment Diagram by Parts, bringing all together to point B.

 Since,
 Examples
Solution:

 
 
Thus,
 Examples
OR alternative solution:

 
 

1 1 1 1 8
(
𝒕  𝑨 / 𝑩= ( −12800 ) ( 8 )
3 )( ) (
4 2 )( )
( 8 ) + ( 25,600 ) ( 8 )
3 ()
( 8 ) + ( −12800 )( 8 )
2

  lb -

  Thus,
 Examples
 The simply supported beam show carries a load 20 kN/m
across its span of 6 m (including the beam weight).
Compute the following:
 
a. Slope at Support A.
b. Maximum deflection of the beam.
c. Maximum flexural stress of the beam.
 Examples
Solution:

a. Determine the reactions of the beam:

 And the moment of inertia of the beam:

  𝑘𝑁
1 𝑥 106
𝐸𝐼 =200 𝐺𝑃𝑎 ( 𝑚2
1𝐺𝑃𝑎 ) 6
( 195.3125 𝑥 10 𝑚𝑚 )4 1 𝑚4
( 4
1000 𝑚𝑚
4)=39,062.5 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 2
 Examples
Draw the deflection curve and the tangent to the curve:
 Examples
Draw the Moment Diagram by Parts, bringing all together at B.  a. For slope at A:

 
where:

 
 

 
or 0.153
 Examples
 For maximum deflection:
 

 
Where
 Examples

 c. Maximum flexural stress of the beam:

 

 
M=
 
Ans.
 Examples
The simply supported beam ABC in Fig. (a) carries a
concentrated load of 300 N as shown.

  =20.48 𝑥 103 𝑁 − 𝑚 2
𝐸𝐼

 
a. Determine the deflection at 1 m from the leftmost support.
b. Determine the maximum deflection of the beam.
 
Solution:
Examples
Draw the deflection curve and the tangent to the curve:
 Examples
Draw the Moment Diagram by Parts, bring together at C.

 a. For deflection at 1 m from the left support, at point D:

 

  And
 
𝐶
  𝑀
𝑡 𝐶 / 𝐴 =𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓
𝐸𝐼 |
𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 ∙ 𝑥´ 𝐶
𝐴
 
 Examples
𝐷
  𝑀
𝑡 𝐷 / 𝐴 =𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓
𝐸𝐼 |
𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 ∙ ´𝑥 𝐷
𝐴

 
 

 
 

 
 Examples
 b. Determine the maximum deflection of the beam, at point B:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 Examples
 Find the maximum displacement of the cantilever beam. .
 Examples
Solution:

Solve for Reactions:

 Examples
Draw the deflection curve and the tangent to the curve:
 Examples
Bring together the moment of diagram to point A.
 
 

 
 Examples
OR Bring together the moment of diagram to point B.
 
 
 ´𝑥 𝐴 2
 ´𝑥 𝐴 1

   2 °

  −80
 
 1°

 ´𝑥 𝐴 3
−24
  0
 Examples
 Determine the equation of the elastic curve for the
overhanging beam; and (b) calculate the value of midway
between the supports.
 Examples
Solution:
 Examples
Solution:

 𝑦 𝐹 +𝑡 𝐹 / 𝐴 = 𝑡 𝐷 / 𝐴
4.5 𝑚 9𝑚
 Examples
𝐹
𝐹 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 𝐹 / 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥´ 𝐹
 
𝐴
Consider left of F of the moment diagram by parts

 
18,900
 

9450
 

0
 

−5400
 

−8100
 

−16,200
 

−2,700
 
 Examples
  𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝐹
𝐹 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 𝐹 / 𝐴 = ∙ 𝑥´ 𝐹
𝐸𝐼 𝐴

18,900
 
  𝑡 − 6075
𝐹 / 𝐴 = 9450
 
4 𝐸𝐼

0
 

−5400
 

−8100
 

−16,200
 

−2,700
 
 Examples
  𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝐷
𝐹 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 𝐷 / 𝐴 = ∙ ´𝑥 𝐷
𝐸𝐼 𝐴
Consider left of D of the moment diagram by parts

18,900
 

= -5400 0
 
−1350
 
−5,400
 

−16,200
 

−2,700
 
 1
Examples
  ( 3 ) +3= 4.5 𝑚
2
3  𝐼𝑓
  ( 3 )=2.25 𝑚
4
 𝑎 =5.0625
3  𝑚 3  𝑚 𝑡h𝑒𝑛
 
  𝐴1 𝑥  𝐷 2=5.0625− 3=𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓
  𝐴2
  𝑇 = 1 ( − 5400 )( 6 )=− 10,800
𝐴
−1350 3
 
  𝐴3   1 = 1 ( −1350 ) ( 3 )=− 1350
𝐴
3
𝐴
  2 =( −1350 ) ( 3 )=−4050
𝐴
  3 =( −10,800 ) + ( −1350 )+(− 4050)=−5400
−5,400
 
𝑎
 
′
𝐵𝑦
  𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑠 𝑡h𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 :𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 3 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡h𝑒 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒
′
𝐵𝑦
  𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡h𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 :
  3 (6) =−1350 ( 2.25 ) + ( − 4050 ) ( 4.5 )+(−5400)(a)
𝐴 𝑇
4 ( )
  𝑎 =5.0625
 Examples
  𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝐷
𝐹 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 𝐷 / 𝐴 = ∙ ´𝑥 𝐷
𝐸𝐼 𝐴
Consider left of D of the moment diagram by parts

18,900
 

= -5400 0
 
−1350
 
−5,400
 

−16,200
 

−2,700
 
 Examples
  𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝐷
𝐹 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 𝐷 / 𝐴 = ∙ ´𝑥 𝐷
𝐸𝐼 𝐴

18,900
 

  22,275
𝑡 𝐷/ 𝐴=
2 𝐸𝐼
0
 
−1350
 
−5,400
 

−16,200
 

−2,700
 
 Examples
Solution:
  Since:

 ;

  − 22,275 6075 − 7087.5

𝑦 𝐹 = 4.5
(
(2 𝐸𝐼 )( 9)
−
)4 𝐸𝐼
=
𝐸𝐼

  𝑬𝑰𝒚 =− 𝟕𝟎𝟖𝟕 . 𝟓 𝑵 − 𝒎 𝟑
Examples

 𝑦 𝐹 +𝑡 𝐹 / 𝐷 = 𝑡 𝐴 / 𝐷
4.5 𝑚 9𝑚
 Examples
𝐹
𝐹 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 𝐹 / 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥´ 𝐹
 
𝐴
Consider left of F of the moment diagram by parts
 

 
 Examples
𝐹
𝐹 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 𝐹 / 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥´ 𝐹
 
𝐴
Consider left of F of the moment diagram by parts