OF

TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION

(EDUC 8841)

FINAL PROJECT

MILTON B. FRANCIS

RICHARD W
, RILEY
COLLEGE
O F EDUCAT
ION
and LEADE
RSHIP
Ph.D. in ED
UCATION

STUDENT
The GradeCam Innovation Presentation
to the Board of Directors
by

Milton B. Francis
THE INNOVATION

GRADECAM
 Defense of the Innovation
Innovative technology has impacted the world ever since technology was
first launched. In this, the 21st century, that impact is constantly
making a debut in different technology launches.

Innovation Technology Tools Selection

- GradeCam

- iPad

- SMART Response interactive response systems (SMART Rirs)

Of the three innovative technology tools identified, my selective innovation would be

the GradeCam.
 Defense of the Innovation continues

What is GradeCam?

This technology tool is a student-performance scanner that can be used in the classroom by both
teachers and students to grade multiple choice tests.

The GradeCam image-recognition software works with a camera to grade tests from bubble forms and
to generate statistics and reports on student performance to the teacher’s electronic gradebook, all within a second.
 More Defense of the Innovation
Rejected Reason for
Justification of Selection Innovation Rejection

Technology innovations are good, and they

serve the purpose for which they were
designed, however, not all technology
innovations can be adoptable, as there are iPad High cost
factors which hinder their acceptance.
Inadequate

use across

subjects
SMART Rirs Not easily

accessible

Not simple
 Pre-Diffusion of GradeCam
Generation of the ideas for Innovation
NEED RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT COMMERCIAL
- IZATION

Teachers at my school Research idea: GradeCam was The GradeCam

are inundated with developed over years of package consists
work: Started with Tami collaboration with of a 300 DPI
Porter, cofounder of technology experts scanner with a
Preparation of lesson & experienced in designing special built in
GradeCam Inc.
unit plans; grading of productivity tools. In camera,
test, H/W, quiz; tutoring; diagnosing the problem GradeCam score
bulletin boards; inter- with GradeCam during credit labels, and
visitations; student work its development, the GradeCam bubble
Research background: developers were careful sheets. In
analysis, etc.
in using the camera that addition, the user
is compatible with the must include a
The research on the software. computer
benefits of formative (desktop/laptop),
assessments seems to and the
be convincing. downloaded
GradeCam
software.
Commercialize GradeCam Package
includes the following:

O R

+
 Innovation-Decision Timeline

TIMELINE 2003 2004 – 2005 2006 – 2007 2008 2008 – Present

INNOVATION- KNOWLEDGE PERSUASION DECISION IMPLEMENTATION CONFIRMATION

DECISION

COMMUNICATION Technology Technology Internet Internet Internet

conferences and conferences and
CHANNEL expositions expositions

Technology Technology conferences and Technology conferences

conferences and expositions and expositions
Individual expositions
(Teachers’
feedback)
Individual (Teachers’ Individual (Teachers’
Individual feedback) feedback)
(Teachers’
feedback)

The husband and wife team, Tami and Rick Porter, founders of Grade-Cam, has been developing educational products for

over ten years. Grade-Cam was conceived in 2003. by Tami Porter former middle school teacher. She, along with her

husband and their son, fully developed Grade-Cam over the next three to four years. The goal of Grade-Cam is to improve

education by reducing the stress of everyday teaching. This has been the organization’s theme, as it developed Grade-Cam

GradeCam Online Scanner Launched

as can be seen in the timeline below.
 Grade-Cam S-Curve
S-Curve GradeCam Adoption

100%

90%
80%

70%
Innovation (%)

60%

50%
40%
30%

20%
10%

0%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Years

In the process of diffusion, the innovation adoption experience a phase that relates to the statistical shaped bell-curve,

except that, emphasis is not placed on the latter part of this curve. Rogers (2003) said ‘the time element of the

diffusion process allows us to classify adopter categories, and to draw diffusion curves’. He further said of these

curves, ‘when plotted over time on a frequency basis, the cumulative numbers of adopters plotted, results in an S-

shaped curve’.
 y The Perceived Attributes/Rate of
i li t
alab Adoption of GradeCam Com
i
Tr The GradeCam innovation was targeted at the at
p
education sector, particularly the classroom ib
i
environment. As the inventors of the product said lity
‘GradeCam is a student-performance scanner for the .
classroom’. (GradeCam website). The innovators and
early adopters of this innovation were, indeed, the
classroom teachers. Rogers (2003) identified five
perceived attributes/strategies of innovation: Relative
advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and
observability. He associated each of these attributes
with the rate of adoption of an innovation by the social
system. The GradeCam inventors use some of these
attributes in diffusing the innovation. The strategies that
are most persuasive in convincing the adoption of the
Observability GradeCam are trialability and compatibility.
 GradeCam’s Critical Mass
and Change Agents

As I continue my proposal to the Board of

Directors in considering the adoption of the

GradeCam Innovation , the focus will now be

on the ‘point’ of critical mass and on some of

the key personnel in the organization.

 GradeCam’s Critical Mass and
Change Agents
R E
O A change agent is who Rogers (2003) 1) The need to change clientele
M called ‘an individual who influences
clients’ innovation-decisions in a 2) Establishing an information exchan
direction deemed desirable by a change relationship
agency’. This agency, ladies and
gentlemen of the Board, is our
organization, or better yet, our school. 3) Diagnose problems
In addition to myself, as the technical
expert on this innovation, I would 4) Create intent to change in
include the principal the main client
leadership of the institution. Both of us
will lead the way in this adoption as we
aimed at fulfilling the duties of a 5) Translate intent into action
change agent.
6) Stabilize adoption and prevent
Rogers also identified the roles of
discontinuance

this agent, and listed them as 7) Achieve a terminal

relationship
follows:
But, how can these seven roles effect positive social change within this school? (See

notes)
Members of the Board

as you have seen on the

Sigmoid function , This occurred between

or the S-curve, the years 2005 and 2006,

the GradeCam has at 10%, when a steep

already achieved its rise in the curve began.

point of critical mass

within the social strata of

the education system.

At this phase of the

Innovation over 10%

of the ‘early majority’

of classroom teachers

exposed to the

Innovation started

to adopt it.
The Organizational Adoption

of the

GradeCam
 Innovation-Decision Types
 Adopting the GradeCam as an individual would be
more than welcoming, but I am not the only one who
will be utilizing this software, so it would be better if
the organization adopts it.

 Organization innovation-decisions are two-fold; it may

be done collectively or authoritatively

 Rogers said ‘collective innovation-decisions are

choices to adopt/reject an innovation that is made by a
consensus among the members of a system, and
authority innovation-decisions are choices to
adopt/reject an innovation that are made by a relatively
few individuals in a system who possess power, high
social status, or technical expertise’
 PC

ntor
Innovation Champion
In v e
 The GradeCam innovation is expected to be adopted by
the authority of the organization, the Board of
Directors, who is being advised by me, the instructional
technologist of the organization, who is also their
technology expert.

 As the individual with the highest technology position

in the organization, I am automatically the innovation
champion.

 An innovation champion, according to Rogers, is an

individual who throws his/her weight behind the
innovation, thus overcoming indifference or resistance
that the new idea may provoke in an organization.
 Reasons for Adoption
 Increase the speed with which the teachers grade tests.

 Maintain accurate record of students’ scores

 Do immediate analyses of student-work

 Give immediate feedback to students on their performance

 Plan lessons in a timely manner as soon as feedback is given

 Plan differentiated lessons that will meet the needs of

different students, effectively

 Use the time spent on grading test as tutoring hours

 Improve and enhance the teachers’ skills in the use of

technology
 A Win-Win Situation
 It behooves you that the adoption of the
GradeCam innovation by this organization
will be worthwhile for its continued
improvement.

 All stakeholders will reap the benefits and

success that this innovation will bring to us.
LADIES AND GENTLEMAN
OF THE BOARD

THANK YOU
 REFERENCE
 GradeCam corporation announces new version of GradeCam online. (2010, January).
Retrieved December 19, 2010, from Multimedia and Internet @ schools.
http://www.mmischools.com/Articles/News/Breaking-News/GradeCam- Corporation-Annou
nces-New-Version-of-GradeCam-Online-60668.aspx

 Measuring the iPad’s potential for education. Retrieved December 19, 2010, from The
Journal: Transforming education through technology.
http://thejournal.com/articles/2010/01/27/measuring-the-ipads-potential-for- education.aspx

 New version of GradeCam is first online assessment solution to use a document camera to
grade paper-based quizzes and tests (2010, January). Retrieved December 19, 2010, from
EdNET Insight.
http://www.ednetinsight.com/news-alerts/technology-headlines/new-version-of-
gradecam-is-first-online-assessment-solution-to-use-a-document-camera-to-
grade-paper-based-quizzes-and-tests.htm

 Rivero, V. (2010, January). Extra credit: Gradecam. Tools for learning: Assessment tools.
Retrieved December 19, 2010, from Multimedia and Internet @ schools.
http://www.mmischools.com/Articles/Editorial/Features/TOOLS-FOR- LEARNING-Assess
ment-Tools-60442.aspx

 SMART Response interactive response systems. Retrieved December 19, 2010, from
SMART Technologies.
http://smarttech.com/us/Solutions/Education+Solutions/Products+for+education/Complemen
tary+hardware+products/SMART+Response
 REFERENCE
 Rogers, E. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York, NY: Free Press.

 United States Trademark application http://xrint.com/trademarks/us/78780001

 Nagel, D. GradeCam takes test scanning online. The Journal.

http://thejournal.com/articles/2010/01/13/gradecam-takes-test-scanning-online.aspx

 2011 NSBA Annual Conference

 Exhibit guide at the Phoenix Convention Center

 GradeCam Resources
 Video 1

 Video 2

 Video 3

 GradeCam Scan

 GradeCam Wiki

 GradeCam Company Background

 GradeCam Flyer

 GradeCam Manual

 GradeCam Software (Download)

 GradeCam Web site

 GradeCam in the News 1

 GradeCam in the News 2

 GradeCam in the News 3

 THANKS
to
Dr. Almasude
(Class Instructor)
Learning Community Members
Deborah Forrest
Elaine Gagne
Nicholas Jarrell
Shannon Gray
and
the other members
of EDUC 8841/7101
Diffusion
and
Integration
of
Technology
in
Education
 A
Milton B. Francis
Production

2011 Copyright