HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT

BREAKER

PRESENTATION BY
 MANASWINI PRADHANI
 7TH SEMESTER
 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 ROLL NO-0401101016
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
INTRODUCTION
NEED OF HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER
BRIEF HISTORY
INTERFERRING PRINCIPLE
TYPES OF HVCB
PRINCIPLE OF ARC QUENCHING
TRANSIENT RECOVERY VOLTAGE
APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVE
THANK YOU
INTRODUCTION
 Power system protection is a prime aspect in any power
plant .
 Electrical power plants are controlled and protected by
circuit breakers.
 Circuit breakers meet the performances both in transient
and steady state under normal and abnormal conditions.
 High voltage Circuit breakers are primary means for
switching action in transmission systems.
NEED OF HVCB?
 It carries full load current continuously without
overheating.
 It makes and breaks the normal operating current.
 If a fault occurs then it receives the command from relay
to trip.
 AS it has the operating voltage which is more then
600kv, hence the name is HVCB.
 BRIEF HISTORY
 Previously used low voltage
circuit breakers were using
miniature magnetic coils.
 But HVCB High-voltage
breakers are nearly always
solenoid-operated, with
current sensing protective
relays operated through
current transformers.
 SF6 as interrupting medium
was used first in Germany in
1938 and first industrial
application of SF6 was n
1953.
 INTERFERRING PRINCIPLE
FOR HVCB
 Current interruption in a high-voltage circuit-breaker is obtained
by separating two contacts in a medium, such as
sulfurhexafluoride (SF6), having excellent dielectric and arc
quenching properties
 Gas blast applied on the arc must be able to cool it rapidly so
that gas temperature between the contacts is reduced from
20,000 K to less than 2000 K in a few hundred microseconds,
so that it is able to withstand the transient recovery voltage that
is applied across the contacts after current interruption.
TYPES OF HVCB
According to the medium used to extinguish the arc_
Oil-filled (dead tank and live tank) -on occurrence of a
fault,the arc is struck between the contacts and heat of
oil evaporates oil and dissociates it into Hydrogen gas at
high pressure.
 Air blast -It requires auxiliary compressed air system
which supply air to the breaker.
 Sulphur Hexafluoride –It has very less operating energy.

Hence mostly used.

OIL FILLED HVCB
 In these HVCB the contacts are immersed in oil.
 Current interruption takes place in oil which cools the
arc developed and thereby quenches the arc.
 They may be of-
Dead tank-Uses large quantity of oil,also called as BULK
OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER. The tank is held at ground
potential.
Live tank-Uses less amount oil ,also called MINIMUM
OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER.Oil tank is insulated from the
ground.
 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF OIL HVCB
 ADVANTAGES-
 Arc energy is absorbed in decomposition of oil.
 Oil has high dielectric strength and provides insulation.
 Provides cooling property.

 DISADVANTAGES-
 Oil is inflammable may cause fire hazards.
 Risk of formation of Explosive mixture with air.
 Due to decomposition,it becomes polluted with co2
which may reduce the dielectric strength.
AIR BLAST HVCB
 It separates the contacts in the flow of air established by
the opening of a blast valve.
 The arc is rapidly positioned centrally through a nozzle.
 TYPES (According to the flow of blast of compressed air)
Axial
Radial
Cross
High pressure air at a pressure between 20 to 30 kg/ cm2
stored in the air reservoir. Air is taken from the
compressed air system.
 PRINCIPLE OF ARC QUENCHING
It needs an auxiliary compressed air system which supplies air to
the air receiver. For opening operation, the air is admitted in the
arc extinction chamber. It pushes away the moving contacts. so,
the contacts are separated and the air blast takes away the
ionized gases along with it and assists in extinction.
After a few cycles the arc is extinguished by the air blast and the
arc extinction chamber is filled with high pressure air (30 kg/cm2).
The air blast circuit breakers come under the class external
extinguishing energy type. The energy supplied for arc extinction
is obtained from high pressure air and is independent of current to
be interrupted.
 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF ABCB
 ADVANTAGES-
High speed operation,eliminates fire hazards,reduced
size,stability for frequent operation.
 DIS ADVANTAGES-
 Compressed air correct pressure,clean and dry should be
available all time.
 Sensitive to rise in restricking voltage.
SF6 HVCB
 It has special puffer piston principle. SF6 quenching
pressure is produced during opening operation by
means of piston attached to it.
 Arc extinction takes place in the insulating nozzle.It has
self blast chamber.
 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF SF6 HVCB
 ADVANTAGES-
 Simplicity of the interrupting chamber which does not need an auxiliary breaki
chamber.
 The possibility to obtain the highest performance, up to 63 kA, with a reduced
number of interrupting chambers.
 High electrical endurance, allowing at least 25 years of operation without
reconditioning.
 Possible compact solutions when used for GIS or hybrid switchgear.
 Integrated closing resistors or synchronised operations to reduce switching
overvoltages.
 Reliability , availability and Low noise levels.
 DISADVANTAGE-
 Leakage problem may arise.
 Suffocating.

TRANSIANT RECOVERY VOLTAGE
 During the interruption process the arc rapidly loses
conductivity as the instantaneous current approaches
zero. Within a few microseconds after current zero,
current stops flowing in the circuit.
 The power system response to the current interruptions
is what generates TRV.
 The difference in the power system response voltage
from the source side to the load side of the circuit
breaker is the TRV.
APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE
PROSPECTIVE
 In the near future, present interrupting technologies can
be applied to circuit-breakers with the higher rated
breaking currents (63 kA to 80 kA) required in some
networks with increasing power generation
 Self blast and thermal blast breakers are used
worldwide.They have been in service since 15 years.
 In future singe motion technique and double motion
technique will be widely used.
THANK YOU