IP Addressing

Dr. Joby P P
Professor & Head CSE

03/25/2021 MODERN COMPUTER NETWORKS SJCET CSE 1

 IP Addressing

• IP address is an address having information about how to reach a

specific host
• An IP address is a 32 bit unique address having an address space of 232
• (IPv4)
Two notations
Dotted decimal notation
Hexadecimal notation

1.The value of any byte is between 0 and 255 (both included).

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 Classful IP Addressing

The 32 bit IP address is divided into five sub-classes.

Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D Class E
Class D – Multicast
Class E – Research Purpose

The order of bits in the first octet determine the classes of IP address
Network ID
Host ID

The class of IP address is used to determine the bits used for network ID
and host ID and the number of total networks and hosts possible in that
particular class

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 General Format

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 Class A
Large number of hosts

• The network ID is 8 bits long

• The host ID is 24 bits long

IP addresses in class A ranges

from 1.x.x.x – 126.x.x.x

•2^7-2= 126 network ID (2 address is subtracted because 0.0.0.0

and 127.a.b.c are special address.)
•2^24 – 2 = 16,777,214 host ID
• Default subnet mask for class A is 255.x.x.x.

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 Class B
Medium-sized to Large-sized networks

• The network ID is 16 bits long

• The host ID is 16 bits long

IP addresses in class B ranges

from 128.0.x.x – 191.255.x.x

• 2^14 = 16384 network address

• 2^16 – 2 = 65534 host address
• Default subnet mask for class B is 255.255.x.x.

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 Class C
Small-Sized Networks

•The network ID is 24 bits long.

•The host ID is 8 bits long.

IP addresses in class C ranges from

192.0.0.x – 223.255.255.x.

•2^21 = 2097152 network address

•2^8 – 2 = 254 host address
Default sub-net mask for class C is 255.255.255.x.

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 Summary

Default Subnet No of No of Hosts

IP Class Range
Mask Networks Per Network

A 1-126 255.0.0.0 126 16,777,214

B 128-191 255.255.0.0 16,384 65,534

C 192-223 255.255.255.0 2,097,152 254

D Multicast

E Reserved

Address Depletion

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 Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)

Classless addressing – Designed to overcome address depletion problem

No Classes
Address are in Blocks
Allocation of IP Addresses more efficient

Subnetting
Dividing a large block of addresses into several contiguous sub-blocks and
assigning these sub-blocks to different smaller networks is called subnetting

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 Example: Address : 200.12.22.39/28, Find the first and last address in
the block
11001000. 00001100. 00010110. 00100111 (address)
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11110000

First Address
(32-28=4) last 4 bits 0
11001000. 00001100. 00010110. 00100000
200.12.22.32

Last Address
last 4 bits 1
11001000. 00001100. 00010110. 00101111
200.12.22.47

No of Addresses:
232-28 = 24 =16

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 Subnetting

• Number of subnets
• Subnet address
• Broadcast address
• Number of hosts in a subnet
• First Host ID
• Last Host ID 

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 Class C Network Subnetting

No of Network Router Broadcast No of IP

Subnet Mask
Subnets Address Address Address Addresses

1 255.255.255.0 x.y.z.0 x.y.z.1 x.y.z.255 253

255.255.255.128 x.y.z.0 x.y.z.1 x.y.z.127 125

2
255.255.255. x.y.z.128 x.y.z.129 x.y.z.255 125

 
255.255.255.192 x.y.z.0 x.y.z.1 x.y.z.63 61
255.255.255. x.y.z.64 x.y.z.65 x.y.z.127 61
4
255.255.255. x.y.z.128 x.y.z.129 x.y.z.191 61
255.255.255. x.y.z.192 x.y.z.193 x.y.z.255 61
 

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