ANSYS Meshing Application Introduction: Appendix B CFX-Mesh

Appendix B
CFX-Mesh
ANSYS Meshing
Application Introduction
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

© 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. B-1 Inventory #002645
Appendix B: CFX-Mesh
Introduction Training Manual
• CFX-Mesh provides automated mesh generation

• Unstructured triangular surface mesh generation
• Volume mesh is created from the surface mesh
• Tetrahedral/prismatic/pyramidal volume mesh generation
• Extruded meshes can also be created
– If quad faces exist on the extruded face due to inflation, hex elements
will be created for those quad elements
• Advancing Front and Inflation (AFI)

Element Types Training Manual
• Valid element types for the CFX-Solver include tetrahedra, prisms

(wedges), pyramids, and hexes

Accessing CFX Mesh Training Manual
1. Launch ANSYS Workbench

2. Double click on Mesh under component
systems.
3. This will create a ‘Mesh component’ in the
Project Schematic area.
4. Right click on select “Import
Geometry” and click on “Browse…” to load a
previously created geometry or click “New
Geometry” to open DesignModeler and create
a new geometry.
5. Once the geometry is loaded
double click on to open the
meshing application.

• In the Project environment go to Tools >

Options…
– Select “Geometry Import”
– Select Analysis Type as “3D”
– Ensure “Solid Bodies” is chosen
• Only solid bodies are relevant to CFX
Mesh
– Check the “Named Selection” box to get
Design Modeler defined named selections
– Set the filtering prefix (keep the “Filtering
Prefixes” box blank to import all named
selections regardless of prefix)

• Right-click on Mesh and Insert Method

• Select the Body of interest
• Now edit the method and choose CFX Mesh
• Then right Click on resulting CFX-Mesh Method and Choose Edit in CFX-Mesh

• Note that the meshing environment is now modified

Geometry Requirements Training Manual
• Geometry used for meshing in CFX-Mesh must consist of one or more Solid
Bodies
• In CFX-Mesh, the body will have the units specified in DM
• Surface Bodies and Line Bodies are not supported in CFX-Mesh
– On import of certain file formats, Workbench will convert sets of surfaces which fully
enclose to a volume into Solid Bodies (see DM documentation for details)
• Solid Bodies must not overlap each other
• Where Solid Bodies in a multi-body part touch, they must have common faces
• Bodies which are Frozen in DM will appear in CFX-Mesh and can be meshed
• To exclude a Solid Body from meshing, you can either suppress/delete it in
DM, or suppress it in CFX-Mesh

• Example 1:
– When Solid Bodies in a multi-body part touch, they must have
common faces
– If two bodies contact as shown, the face at the end of pipe is
not one of the faces of the cylinder, CFX-Mesh will fail in
generating mesh if the two bodies are in a single part
– How to meet CFX-Mesh topology requirements?
wrong
– To make a common face between pipe and cylinder, the

cylinder needs to have the cylinder face that touches the pipe
split into two: one face is the circular face which matches the
end of the pipe, the other face is the remaining annular ring.
– This can be done with an Imprint Face body operation in DM.
right

• Example 2:
– When part of pipe intrudes into the cylinder, part of the side
surface is external to the cylinder, while the other part is
internal to it.
– What should the two bodies look like if they are in a single
part?

– Again, the rule to remember is that adjacent solid bodies in a

multi-body part must meet at shared faces
– If two bodies contact as shown, where the side surface of the
pipe is a single face, it does not match up with cylindrical cut-
out in the bottom cylinder and CFX-Mesh will fail in
generating mesh.
Single Side Surface
Cylindrical
Cut-Out
wrong
– To make sure the pipe and cylinder meet at a shared face,

the pipe needs to have its side face segmented into the part
that’s external to the bottom cylinder and the part that’s
internal to it (via an Imprint Face body operation in DM).
External Side Surface
Cylindrical Internal Side Surface

Cut-Out
right

Other Geometry Requirements Training Manual
• The CFX-Mesh Help provides many useful examples of what can and cannot
be handled in CFX-Mesh, and some ways around difficult geometries,
including:
– Bodies Joined by a Common Face
– Bodies Touching at a Face
– Body with a Hole
– Body with an Enclosed Body
– Bodies with an Enclosed Body and a Hole
– Body with an Enclosed Body Touching the Face
– Non-Manifold Geometry
– Closed Faces (ie. Cylinders)
– Thin Surface Topology
– Poorly Parameterized Surfaces
– Degenerate Geometry

Geometry Update Training Manual
• Geometry Update allows for quick modification of

geometry and mesh regeneration.
– Updates geometry while retaining most or all CFX-
Mesh settings. or
– Updates from CAD systems in plug-in mode is
faster and cleaner.
– If importing in reader mode, then you must save
the new geometry into the appropriate file before
updating.
– Most geometry updates work with the minimum Right-click on Geometry in
required modification to your mesh settings Tree View
• Depends on the complexity of the changes made to
the geometry, the CAD format and the method of Status Symbols
import
– Look at status symbols on each entity at the end Error
of the update. If there are problems, you should
OK
correct them before regenerating the mesh.

Geometry Checking Training Manual
• Geometry Checking checks for the presence of

certain undesirable features in faces and edges
which can cause poor mesh quality or failure of the
mesher.
• Can be accessed from the Go menu, by right-
clicking on Geometry in Tree View, or in the top right
toolbar.
• Note: the “lock” symbol means the item must
remain.
• Results of check can be viewed under Errors in Tree
View
– If a Warning or Error refers to a specific curve or face,
it will be highlighted when selected
– Last warning gives a summary of
the checks

Geometry Checking Training Manual
• Failed check does not necessarily result in poor

mesh
• Worth checking the mesh on any faces which failed
the checks
• Doesn’t check for ALL problems which can be
present, just a few specific problems:
– Sliver Edge Checking
– Sliver Face Checking
– Parameterization Face Checking
• Verify Options determine values which generate
errors

Sliver Edge Checking Training Manual
• Looks for short edges in the geometry

• Short edges can produce a mesh which is
over-refined in regions near the short
edges
• To remove short edges, change the
default from NO to YES for Remove Short
Edges in Fix Options
• You can change the tolerance used for
the check by using Verify Options

Sliver Face Checking Training Manual
• Computes a ratio of perimeter length to area for

each face
• Faces with a high sliver factor can result in a
poor quality surface mesh
• You can change the limit used for the check by
using Verify Options
• Default of 25 is usually sensible
• Each face identified will be highlighted when the
individual warning message is selected

Parameterization Face Checking Training Manual
• Provides guidance on the parameterization of the surfaces

• Each potentially poorly parameterized surface will be highlighted when the
individual warning message is selected

Virtual Topology Training Manual
• By Default CFX-Mesh resolves every edge using a minimum of 3 vertices and

meshes every face
• Results is large mesh when there are many short edges and narrow faces in the
CAD data
• May not require a fine mesh in these

areas for CFD
• If proper mesh controls are not used in
these areas, the resulting mesh may
be of poor quality or the mesher might
fail
• Virtual Topology allows users to
combine faces and edges into Virtual
Faces and Virtual Edges. Can be
added in CFX-Mesh or the Meshing
Application.
78 Surfaces
represent car body

• CFX-Mesh only sees the combined Virtual Face or Virtual Edge

• Mesher does not resolve the constituent faces or edges, giving higher quality
mesh with the required refinement
• Does NOT modify the underlying CAD
• Virtual topology will be discussed in more detail later
A single virtual
surface

Geometry Display Training Manual
• To change the appearance of your

geometry, left-click on Geometry in the
Tree View
• Transparency (%)
– 100% means completely transparent Transparency can be very useful for
– 0% means completely opaque selecting hidden surfaces since
there isn’t a wireframe view
• Shine (%)
– Controls how much light is reflected by
the faces of the mesh
– 0% gives lowest reflection and looks
matt
– 100% gives highest reflection and
looks very bright

Composite 2D Regions Training Manual
• You can use 2D Regions to give

meaningful names to parts of the
geometry which may comprise many
faces
• Composite Regions can be used for:
– Specifying Locations in CFX-Mesh
– Defining Boundary Conditions in CFX-
Pre
• Default and additional Regions available
– To create a new Region, right-click on
Regions and choose Insert>Composite
2D Region
• No primitive 2D Region can be assigned
to more than one Composite 2D Region

Composite 2D Regions Training Manual
• Named Selections are imported from

DM as Composite Regions
– Select Named Selection under Default
Geometry Options on the Project tab
before proceeding to CFX-Mesh.
– Can be set as default option in the
Geometry Import options panel
• Composite 2D Regions can be hidden!!
– Removes the constituent faces from the
viewer
– Hidden faces cannot be selected

2D Regions and Faces Training Manual
• Where two Solid Bodies meet at a

common face:
– There is just one face present in the
geometry
– There are two 2D Regions
• Each meshing feature that requires you
to specify a location has its own rules
about 2D Regions on the same face
– Ex. Face Spacing: Do not try to apply
different Face Spacings to 2D Regions
which are the two sides of a common face
(surface mesh is generated on the
common face, not 2D Regions)
– Ex. Inflated Boundary: You can have
different settings for the two different 2D
Regions which make up a common face

2D Regions and Faces Training Manual
• Use attached Selection Rectangles to

select individual 2D Regions easily and
accurately
• CFX-Mesh will not allow you to select
locations for meshing features which
break the rules given for each feature

Saving the Volume Mesh Training Manual
• Two formats
– .CMDB file
• Contains mesh and mesh settings
• Larger file which takes longer to
generate for large meshes
– .GTM file
• Suitable for import directly into CFX-
PRE
• Access Options from the Tools Menu
• The right panel will show various CFX
options.

Saving the Volume Mesh Training Manual
• You may choose to write .cmdb or .gtm or both

• User Defined location for .gtm will produce a dialog box to save choose a
location when you Generate the Volume Mesh

Length Scales Training Manual
• The process of setting an element length scale for CFX-Mesh can be

viewed as a 3 step process
– Default Body Spacing

– Face Spacing
– Other Mesh Controls (Point Spacing, Periodicity, Inflation, etc)
• Smallest effecting length scale is chosen

Face Spacing Training Manual
• Face Spacing can be set to one of 4 types:

– Angular resolution - curvature sensitive, discussed next
– Relative error - curvature sensitive, discussed next
– Constant - constant length scale, overriding the Body Spacing (must be less than
Default Body Spacing)
– Volume Spacing - uses the same spacing on the face as the Body Maximum
Spacing

Face Spacing Training Manual
• Face spacings have a volumetric effect. The region over which they
act are determined by the following settings:
– Radius of Influence: extent of the Face Spacing influence, after which it will
expand according to the Expansion Factor
– Expansion Factor: rate of expansion of mesh scale from surface to interior
• Location: Faces where the Face Spacing values will be applied

– Can be selected from the Model View or Tree View Regions
– Unnecessary for Default Face Spacing

Curvature Sensitive Mesh Training Manual
• Angular Resolution [Degrees]

– CFX-Mesh chooses edge length such
that the set angle is subtended at the
center of circle with radius equal to
smallest radius of curvature
– Default is 30 degrees (recommended 5 to
60 degrees)
• Relative Error [Δr/r]

– Deviation of mesh from surface as a
fraction of local radius of curvature
• Minimum edge length - lower bound on

length scale
• Maximum edge length - upper bound on

length scale (default same as volume
background scale)
Curvature Sensitive Mesh Training Manual
With surface curvature sensitive meshing Without surface curvature sensitive meshing

Edge Spacing Training Manual
• Edge Spacing specifies the mesh

length scale on an edge (or edges)
and in the volume adjacent to the
selected edges
• To create a new Edge Spacing, right-

click on Spacing and choose
Insert>Edge Spacing
• Parameters and effect on mesh are

the same as with Face Spacing

Edge Spacing Training Manual

Mesh Controls Training Manual
• Mesh Controls are used to refine

the surface and volume mesh in
specific regions of your model
• Location can be defined using any
point on the model or by specifying
coordinates
– Can be located anywhere in the
3D space of model (inside,
outside or on the edge)
• 3 types of volumetric Controls are
available:
– Point
– Line
– Triangle
• Remember: Face Spacing also
available for volumetric control

Point Spacing Training Manual
• Each of the 3 volumetric Controls

requires you to specify a Point
Spacing for the control at
appropriate points.
Any number of mesh controls can
reference the same point Spacing
• Length Scale
– For the mesh size where the Point
Spacing is applied
– Must be less than Body Spacing
Max
• Radius of Influence
– Radial extent of the fixed local
length scale influence
• Expansion Factor
– Geometric rate of increase of
local element length scale beyond
radius
Point Control Training Manual
• Point Control controls the mesh

spacing in a spherical region
• Point
– Select either a vertex from the
model or coordinates
• Spacing
– Select a Point Spacing which
defines the attributes for the
Point Control (Length Scale,
Radius of Influence and
Expansion Factor)
• Figure to right shows a Point
Control on a 1m cube with:
– Length Scale=0.05m
– Radius of Influence=0.2m
– Expansion Factor=1.2

Line Control Training Manual
• Line Control controls the mesh spacing

in a region defined by a cylindrical
volume between 2 spheres
• Point
– Select either a vertex from the model or
coordinates for both Points
• Spacing Definitions
– Uniform requires only one Spacing
– Non Uniform requires a Spacing for
each end
• Spacing
– Select a Point Spacing which defines
the attributes for the Line Control
(Length Scale, Radius of Influence and
Expansion Factor)
• Figure to right shows a Line Control on
a 1m cube with:
Triangle Control Training Manual
• Triangle Control controls the mesh

spacing in a region defined by a
prismatic volume between 3 spheres
• Point
– Select either a vertex from the model or
coordinates for all 3 Points
• Spacing Definitions
– Uniform requires only one Spacing
– Non Uniform requires a Spacing for each
corner of the triangle
• Spacing
– Select a Point Spacing which defines the
attributes for the Triangle Control (Length
Scale, Radius of Influence and
Expansion Factor)
• Figure to right shows a Triangle Control
on a 1m cube with:
Periodicity Training Manual
• Using Periodicity allows you to generate identical meshes for faces that will
be specified as part of a periodic boundary condition in ANSYS CFX
• The CFX Solver makes more accurate calculations when meshes

on periodic pairs are identical (one-to-one)
• Periodicity can be either Translation by a fixed vector or Rotation
• Rules/Limitations:
– Each face in the Location 1 face list must map to an equivalent face in the Location
2 face list
– Multiple faces can be selected for each of Location 1 and Location 2, provided
each face in the Location 1 face list maps onto a face in the Location 2 face list
using the specified transformation
– Inflation cannot be applied to a face which is part of a Periodic Pair
• See the documentation for further details on Periodicity

Periodic Pairs Training Manual
• Periodic Pairs create identical meshes

on the 2 locations selected
• Location
– Select face(s) either directly from the
Model View or select a Composite 2D
Region from the Tree View
– All faces selected must be on the
external boundary of the model and
must not be included in an Inflated
Boundary
• Periodic Type
– Rotational requires 2 points to define
an axis, and possibly an Angle of
Rotation
• Points can be either a vertex from
the model or coordinates
– Translational requires no further input

Inflation Training Manual
• Inflation is the generation of prismatic element layers by “inflating” triangular

surface elements
• Purpose:
– Prism elements more effectively and efficiently captures
boundary layer effects
– Node density near the wall is increased
– Velocity profile is captured by the prism layer
– Tetrahedral elements efficiently fill the volume region

• You can control the number,

thickness and expansion rate of
inflation layers
• You can inflate from any surface

or boundary condition, except
those included in a Periodic Pair
• Inflation layers can be viewed

within CFX-Mesh

• Number of Inflated Layers

– If First Layer Thickness Option is used, this is a
maximum number of layers
– If Total Thickness Option is used, this is the
actual number of layers (unless layers are removed
to improve mesh quality)
– Each layer, moving away from the face, is one
Expansion Factor thicker than the previous.
• Number of Spreading Iterations
– Advanced quality control, see documentation
for details
• Minimum Internal Angle
– Advanced quality control, see documentation
for details
• Inflation Option
– Total Thickness
– First Layer Thickness
Inflation Option - Total Thickness Training Manual
• Total Thickness
– The total thickness of the inflation is
controlled by the:
• Thickness Multiplier
• Local element edge length
– Determined by Face Spacing and
Controls
• Maximum Thickness
– Set individually for each Inflated
Boundary
– Creates a less smooth transition from the
inflated prism mesh elements to the
tetrahedral mesh elements
– The number of inflated layers is more
constant, and you have some control over
height of layers on face-by face basis

Inflation Option - Total Thickness Training Manual
• Process used for creating the layers of prisms when using the Total
Thickness option is given below:
– CFX-Mesh calculates the total thickness of the inflation layers as follows:
• Multiply the Thickness Multiplier by the local element edge length
• Where this is less than the specified Maximum Thickness, then this gives the
total thickness of the layers
• Where this is greater than the specified maximum Thickness, then the
Maximum Thickness is taken to be the total thickness of the layers
– Use the specified Number of Inflated Layers and Expansion Factor to calculate the
height of each layer, given the total thickness that has just been calculated
• Inflation thickness will not be constant over the inflated edge if the element
edge length changes in the region of the inflation layer

Inflation Option - First Layer Thickness Training Manual
• First Layer Thickness

– Does not control the overall height of
the inflation layers
– Prisms based on First Prism Height or
y+, Expansion Factor and Number of
Inflated Layers
– Creates smoother transition from
inflated prism mesh elements to the
tetrahedral mesh elements
– First Prism Height must be less than
the Max Spacing under Body Spacing
– You should examine the mesh to
visualize the extent of the inflation and
the quality of the transition from
prisms to tetrahedral elements

Inflation Option - First Layer Thickness Training Manual
• Define First Layer

By y+
– Computes First
Prism Height
based on user
inputs
– Desired y+, Flow
Reynolds Number
and Reference
Length
y = Ly+ 80 Re(-13/14)
First Prism Height = Reference Length * (Desired) y+ * 80 * Reynolds Number(-13/14)

Inflation Option – Extended Layer Growth Training Manual
Process used for creating the layers of prisms when using the First Layer
Thickness option is given below
• Put a single layer of prisms against the faces of the inflated boundary,
of a height equal to the First Prism Height
Extended Layer Growth = No Extended Layer Growth = Yes

• Check the aspect ratio of the prisms • Check the aspect ratio of the
– If height < base length, add prisms
another layer of prisms of height – If height < base length, add
(Previous Height) X (Expansion another layer of prisms of
Factor) height (Previous Height) X
– If height ≥ base length, stop adding (Expansion Factor)
prisms – If height ≥ base length keep
• Repeat until aspect ratio for all the prisms adding layers of unit aspect
≈ 1 or until the Number of Inflated Layers ratio until the Number of
is reached Inflated Layers is reached

Inflation Option – Extended Layer Growth Training Manual
Number of Inflated layers = 25
Extended Layer Growth = No Extended Layer Growth = Yes

Inflation Option – Layer Smoothing Training Manual
• Available when using First Layer

Thickness option
• Allows prisms to grow out

normal to the surface, i.e.
orthogonal to the surface
• Layer normals and heights are

then progressively smoothed,
during the creation of each layer
• Maximizes the number of layers

obtained
• Result in longer mesh

generation times
Inflation Option – Layer Smoothing Training Manual
Prism growth is orthogonal
Layer by Layer Smoothing = No Layer by Layer Smoothing = Yes

Inflated Boundary Training Manual
• Creation of an Inflated Boundary is how you

specify which faces you want Inflation to apply
to
• Location
– Select face(s) either directly from the Model View
or select a Composite 2D Region from the Tree
View
– A face cannot be in more than one Inflated
Boundary, or in both an Inflated Boundary and a
Periodic Pair
• Maximum Thickness
– The Maximum Thickness for the whole inflation
layer, when Inflation Option is set to Total
Thickness
– Not used if Inflation Option is set to First Layer
Thickness

Stretch Training Manual
• Stretch can be used to expand or contract the mesh elements in a particular

direction
– The geometry is expanded by the specified factors, meshing takes place, then the
geometry is contracted back to its original size
– The max and min stretches allowed are 0.2 and 5 (factors below 0.6 are not
recommended)
Before Stretching Stretch in X = 1.0 Stretch in X = 0.5

Stretch in Y = 1.0 Stretch in Y = 3.0
Stretch in Z = 2.0 Stretch in Z = 1.0

Combined Mesh Control and Stretch Training Manual
• The effective influence of a Mesh Control, which is treated as a spherical

mesh control while meshing takes place, will NOT be modified to elliptical
• Therefore, a Point Control will appear to influence an elliptical region when

the mesh is examined
z x

Proximity Training Manual
• Proximity settings control

automatic refinement of the
mesh when edges or faces are
near to other edges or faces,
but not connected
– Edge proximity
• ON by default
• Adjusts mesh based on
mesh size on neighboring
edges
– Surface proximity
• OFF by default
• Adjusts mesh based on gap
between neighboring
surfaces

Edge Proximity Training Manual
• Edge Proximity is used to automatically

modify mesh elements in regions where
curves are in close proximity
– Bounding curves of surface “sense” nearby
curves and increase mesh density locally
– Only available when Delaunay Surface
Mesher is used (meshers discussed soon)
Edge Proximity OFF
Edge Proximity ON
Edge Proximity OFF Edge Proximity ON
Surface Proximity Training Manual
• Surface Proximity is used to

automatically reduce the mesh size in
regions where surfaces are in close
proximity and the original mesh does
not resolve the gap sufficiently
• Number of Elements Across Gap

– Recommend at least 4
– Generates higher quality prismatic
and tetrahedral elements in the gap
region
• Maximum Number of Passes

– Number of times the surface mesher
will run to try to meet the Number of
Elements Across Gap
• Available for both Delaunay and

Advancing Front Surface Meshers

Options – Global Mesh Scaling Training Manual
• Allows easy scaling of each length scale for

the mesh, except those applied to Face
Spacing’s
• Decreasing this factor decreases mesh

length scales and increases number of
elements
• Does not affect anything other than mesh

length scales (i.e. Radius of Influence is not
affected)
• Stretch affects all lengths (including Radius

of Influence)
• Global Mesh Scaling factor is only applied

during meshing
– Display of size of Controls will show the size
as if the factor is 1
Options – Surface Meshing Training Manual
• Both methods are well recognized

and have established track
records
• Both mesh individual surfaces
• Delaunay (default)
– works on “closed” surfaces
– Delaunay mesh quality is not good
on poorly parameterized surfaces
• Advancing Front
– produces higher quality elements
at boundaries
– traditionally slower than Delaunay
– cannot mesh “closed” surfaces

Options – Meshing Strategy Training Manual
• Advancing Front and Inflation 3D

– Includes Inflation
– Quickly generates a mesh with
tetrahedra, prisms and pyramids with
low memory usage
– New elements created from
advancing “front” of triangles
– Creates tetrahedral elements by
point (node) placement
– Identify exposed faces which now
form the new “front”
• Extruded 2D Mesh
– See next two slides

Extruded Meshes Training Manual
• When “Extruded 2D Mesh” is selected,

the user is prompted to define the
“Extruded Periodic Pair”
• Pick the two sets of faces from the model
view or the object tree
– You can also select composite 2D regions
from the Tree View
• Select the “Periodic Type” – Translational
or Rotational
– If there are no vertices on the selected
faces, you will be asked for a translation
distance or a rotation angle
• Extruded meshes in CFX-Mesh are not as
flexible as those that the Swept Mesher
can generate
– The difference in the Periodic Pair must be
a simple translation or rotation
– However, the source and target faces can
consist of multiple (matching) faces
Extruded Meshes Training Manual
Extrusion Options
• 2D Extrusion Option
– Full = extrude through the full extent of the
geometry
– Partial = thickness of elements determined
automatically such that element quality is
high. Will not necessarily fill geometry for a
given number of layers
• Number of Layers
• Distribution
– distribution of element heights along the
extrusion can be uniform or biased
– Set the growth rate for the thickness of
elements in non-uniform extrusion
Options – Volume Meshing Training Manual
• This option is only available with the

Advancing Front and Inflation 3D
meshing strategy
• Advancing Front options is default

– Runs as a single process on a single
CPU
• Parallel Advancing Front

– Multiple processes (multiple CPU’s) on the same or different machines
– Faster mesh generation for large models
– Overcomes memory limitations of a single processor / machine, especially on 32
bit system
– Have at least 500,000 tetrahedral elements per partition. Do not run small models
in parallel.
– Uses the CFX-Parallel (Solver) licenses if available. Else can be separately
licensed.

Options – Volume Meshing Training Manual
• Set the Number of Partitions along the X,Y

and Z coordinates
– Divides the geometry based on the number
of partitions along each coordinate
– Each partition is meshed independently and
then combined
– Combined mesh will be same as that
generated by a single process
• Parallel Meshing can be:

– Local Parallel, on the same machine
– Distributed Parallel, on different machines
– Distributed Parallel requires a Hosts List
– Refer to CFX-Mesh Help for details on
setup and limitations of Distributed Parallel
Meshing

Mesh Preview Training Manual
• Allows you to look at the mesh

on a particular face or faces
before creating the entire
surface or volume mesh
• Select face(s) for Preview
Group either directly from the
Model View or select a
Composite 2D Region from the
Tree View
• Can choose whether to
generate mesh on selected
faces or all at once
• Can view only surface mesh in
CFX-Mesh, volume mesh may
be viewed in CFX-Post

Mesh Preview Display Training Manual
• Mesh Render Mode

– Wire on Face Mesh shows the mesh faces
and the mesh lines
– Solid Face shows the mesh faces
– Wire Mesh shows just the mesh lines
• Shine (%)
• Display Mesh – Controls how much light is
– Mesh Before Inflation reflected by the faces of the mesh
– Mesh After Inflation – 0% gives lowest reflection and looks
matt
– Inflated Front shows triangles across – 100% gives highest reflection and looks
the top of the inflated elements very bright
– Inflated Mesh shows the inflation layers
only • Face Color Mode
– Body shows mesh the same colour as
• Transparency (%) body
– Uniform allows you to pick a color
– 100% means completely transparent
– Rainbow shows the mesh on each face
– 0% means completely opaque
in a different colour, as different as
possible
Mesh Statistics Training Manual
• Mesh Statistics
– Shows Number of Quads and
Triangles (Surface Elements) in the
Preview Group
• Warning Messages or Errors

– Non-fatal warning messages or errors
will be shown under the Errors item in
the Tree View
– Fatal errors produce a pop-up message
and are also shown under Errors
– Clicking on an Error or Warning
highlights the related face or
element if appropriate

Volume Mesh Training Manual
• Generate Volume Mesh

– Once mesh is set up, you can generate the
Volume Mesh
– The Volume Mesh is written to the GTM file for

import into CFX-Pre GTM file automatically
written when volume mesh is generated
– Contains all the mesh and region information
– Uses double-precision coordinates
– Not viewable in CFX-Mesh, use CFX-Post
– Can be repeated after any change to the mesh

settings

Stopping Mesh Generation Training Manual
• To abort surface mesh or volume mesh

generation, use the Interrupt or Halt
Current Processing button
– This button is active only during mesh
generation and geometry verification
• Limitation: Interrupt takes effect only when underlying process exchanges

data with user interface
– In some circumstances the mesh process may go on for a long time without
exchanging data with the user interface
– In these cases, if you want to terminate the process immediately, you can use
Task Manager (Windows) or kill command (Unix) to end the following processes.
(Use with care)
• srfmsh_wb.exe
• nsurf3d_wb.exe
• inflate_wb.exe
• nvol3d.exe
• nvol2d_wb.exe

• By Default CFX-Mesh resolves every edge using a minimum of 3 vertices and meshes every face
• Results in a large mesh when there are many short edges and narrow faces in the CAD data
• Virtual Topology allows users to combine faces and edges into Virtual Faces and
Virtual Edges
• CFX-Mesh only sees the combined Virtual Face or Virtual Edge
78 Surfaces A single virtual

represent car body surface

Creating Virtual Topology Training Manual
• Creating Virtual Topology:

– Virtual Topology includes Virtual Face and Virtual Edge
– Virtual Topology can be created either automatically or manually
– Virtual Topology can be created in CFX-Mesh or in the Meshing Application
• Automatic Virtual Topology Creation:
– CFX-Mesh automatically detect candidate edges and faces that could be merged based on
geometric parameters such as contact angle between faces, relative areas of faces, aspect ratios
and shared boundary ratio
– Once these candidates have been detected, virtual edges and faces are created automatically
– Where possible, external edges of Virtual Faces will be automatically merged together to form
Virtual Edges
• Manual Virtual Topology Creation:
– User manually create Virtual Topology by inserting Virtual Faces or Virtual Edges
– In the Virtual Face creation, user can turn on and off the option of automatic merging possible
external edges of Virtual Faces to from Virtual Edges
Manual Virtual Topology

creation
Automatic Virtual Topology creation

Automatic Virtual Topology Training Manual
• Automatic Virtual Topology creation:

– User controls for this feature are very simple
Automatic Merge Strategy controls the aggressiveness of
the automatic Virtual Topology algorithm. The Low option
merges the worst faces and edges in the model, while the
High option attempts to merge much more of the geometry.
Select Virtual Topology in the Automatic Merge Option defines whether the automatic
Tree View. Controls are available Virtual Topology operation should be applied to the whole
in the Details View model (the default) or whether it should only apply to a
selection of faces.
The face selection can be defined by selecting the faces
directly from the graphics window or by selecting a Region
name in the tree view.
Virtual Topology Example Training Manual
• Automatic Virtual Topology example:

– Create a Virtual Face which includes 3 faces at the top
– Several ways of doing this automatically
Method 1: Generate Virtual Topology on Entire Model
Select Automatic merge Option as Entire Model
Right Click on Virtual Topology in the Model Tree and select

Generate Virtual Topology on Entire Model

Method 2: Generate Virtual Topology on Selected Set
Select Automatic Merge Option as Selected Set
Select three top faces and apply
Right Click on Virtual Topology in the Model Tree and

select Generate Virtual Topology on Selected Set

Method 3: Generate Virtual Topology on on a control (Composite 2D region,

inflated boundary, etc)
Create a Composite 2D Region which contains 3 faces at the top
Right Click on the created Composite 2D Region
Select Simplify Location using Virtual Topology
Virtual Edges
Virtual Face
Final results for these three

methods are the same – One
virtual face and two virtual
edges will be created.

Virtual Face Example Training Manual
• Manually creating a Virtual Face:

– Right Click on Virtual Topology in the Model Tree and Insert a Virtual Face
– Select the required faces from the graphics window and Apply
– Can select Composite 2D regions as well
– Selected faces must be adjacent
• Virtual Face example:
Fine mesh due to sliver Mesh on Virtual Face

surface
Select 3 faces
Virtual Edges Training Manual
• Virtual Face …
– Where possible, CFX-Mesh will automatically merge external edges to form Virtual Edges.
– This behavior can be turned off from the Options panel
Single Edge
Mesh with auto

generation of Virtual
Edge turned off.

Virtual Edge Example Training Manual
• Creating a Virtual Edge:

– Right Click on Virtual Topology in the Model Tree and Insert a Virtual Edge
– Select the required edges from the graphics window and Apply
– Selected edges must be adjacent
• Virtual Edge example:
Mesh with Virtual Edge

Virtual Topology Restrictions Training Manual
• Limited to “developable surfaces”

– A developable surface has the property that it can be made out of sheet metal
– A virtual surface can be created for a group of surfaces that can be unfolded or unrolled
into a flat plane
• Virtual Faces cannot form a closed region

– All six sides of a cube cannot be combined into a Virtual Face

Virtual Topology Rules Training Manual
• Virtual Topology Rules:

– Constituent faces of a Virtual Faces will not be available for selection. You can only
select the Virtual Face.
• Should consider boundary conditions requirements before defining Virtual
Faces
– Look for the status symbols of features in the Model Tree after creating or deleting
virtual entities.
• Some features may become invalid or may require verification
– Virtual Topology definitions are persistent for geometry updates
• If a location or CAD face does not exist after geometry update, the virtual entity
will become invalid
– You can add more faces/edges to an existing Virtual Face or Virtual Edge
– You can include an existing Virtual Face or Edge in a new Virtual Face or Edge

Workshop B.1
Aircraft Engine-Airframe

WS B.1: Aircraft Engine-Airframe
Goals Training Manual
This workshop will take you through the process of importing an aircraft
engine and airframe model prepared in DesignModeler, setting the mesh
spacings, and generating a surface mesh for a CFD analysis. You will
return to this workshop later (Workshop A.4) and add virtual topology.
• Goals:
– Import the DM model file.
– Define 2D regions for boundary conditions.
– Define mesh spacings

Opening the Geometry File Training Manual
1. Copy the file Aircraft_Engine-Airframe.agdb to

your working directory
systems.
5. Right click on and “Import
Geometry” and click on “Browse…”.
6. Locate and open the file Aircraft_Engine-
Airframe.agdb.
7. Once the geometry is loaded
double click on to open the
meshing application.

Imported Geometry Training Manual
Only half the model will

be meshed to take
advantage of the
symmetry in the flow
field

Choosing the CFX-Mesh Method Training Manual
8. Right-click on Mesh and select Insert Method

• Select the body
• Change the Method to CFX-Mesh
9. Right-click on the method in the tree and select
Edit Mesh in CFX-Mesh

Creating Composite Regions Training Manual
Now create composite 2D regions:

10.Right-click on Regions in the Tree View and Insert a Composite 2D Region
called Symmetry on the upper- Y surface
11.Create the remaining 2D Region's as shown in the right figure
Inlet Symmetry
Bottom
Top
Right
Outlet

Hiding Composite Regions Training Manual
Now hide the newly created 2D Regions:

12. Under Tree View > Regions, right click on Symmetry
and select Hide
13. Similarly hide all other 2D Regions except the Default
2D Region. You can do them all at once.
Note: Hiding the external boundaries makes it easier to see
the aircraft surfaces and also makes it easier to pick the
surfaces of the aircraft

Setting Global Spacings Training Manual
Set the Default Body Spacing:

14. Under Tree View > Mesh > Spacing,
select Default Body Spacing and set
Maximum Spacing to 0.08 [m]
Set the Default Face Spacing:
15. Under Tree View > Mesh > Spacing,
select Default Face Spacing and set
the parameters as shown
Generate surface mesh:
16. Under Tree View >Preview, right click
on Default Preview Group and select
Generate Surface Meshes

Surface Mesh Preview Training Manual
17. Review the surface mesh

CAD Model Issues Training Manual
– The CAD model has many narrow surfaces which are not significant to the flow
analysis
– The CAD model has many short edges because of the way the surfaces are
constructed
– By default CFX-Mesh, resolves these narrow surfaces and short edges, resulting in
unnecessary mesh refinement and poor quality elements
– We will revisit this geometry in Workshop B.4 and create virtual faces and virtual
edges to remove the unnecessary narrow faces and edges, thereby by reducing the
mesh size and improving quality
18. For now, save the CFX-Mesh database (File > Save Project)

Workshop B.2
Static Mixer: Basic Settings,
Mesh Controls and Inflation

WS B.2: Static Mixer: Basic Settings, Mesh Controls and Inflation
• This workshop will take you through the process of meshing a Static Mixer
geometry with CFX-Mesh. Line mesh controls and inflation
layers will be added to better refine the mesh
• The basic steps involved in this workshop are:

– 1. Start a new instance of the ANSYS Meshing Application and open the
geometry file to be meshed
– 2. Set the Mesh Method to CFX-Mesh and edit the Method
– 3. Define any desired composite regions
– 4. Set global mesh spacings (Body Spacing and Face Spacing)
– 5. Preview the initial surface mesh
– 6. Define Point Spacings and Line Mesh Controls
– 7. Define Inflation Boundaries
– 8. Generate the Volume Mesh and save the meshing database

Starting the Meshing Application Training Manual
1. Copy the file staticmixer.agdb to your

working directory
systems.
6. Locate and open the file staticmixer.agdb.
7. Once the geometry is loaded double click
on to open the meshing
application.

Meshing Options Form Training Manual
8. When the Meshing Application

comes up, go to the Meshing
Options Panel which appears at
the right of the screen
• Set the Physics Preference to CFD
• Set the Mesh Method to CFX-
Mesh
• Make sure that Set Meshing
Defaults toggle is enabled
• Click OK

CFX-Mesh Training Manual
9. Note that the model is now displayed in the CFX meshing environment.

Making the Model Transparent Training Manual
10. In CFX-Mesh, click on the Geometry entry in the Tree View.

11. In the Details View and move the Transparency slider to 50% to make the
model partially transparent
• This makes it easier to see hidden faces in the model

Defining Composite Region in1 Training Manual
12. Right-click on Regions in the Tree View and select Insert Composite Region
• Create a Composite Region named in1 at the side pipe inlet as shown

Defining Composite Region in2 Training Manual
13. Create a Composite Region named in2 at the other side pipe inlet as shown

Defining Composite Region out Training Manual
14. Create a Composite Region named out at the bottom pipe outlet as shown

Setting the Global Body Spacing Training Manual
15. Click on the + sign next to the Spacing entry in the Tree
View to expand it
16. Set the Default Body Spacing to 0.20 m
• Note the mesh size preview icon in the viewport

Setting the Global Face Spacing Training Manual
17. Set the Default Face Spacing Option to Angular Resolution with a setting of 18°
18. Set the Minimum Edge Length to 0.015 m and the Maximum to 0.20 m
• Again note the mesh size preview icon

Initial Mesh Preview Training Manual
19. Click on the + sign next to Preview in the Tree

View to expand it
20. Right-click on the Default Preview Group and
select Generate Surface Meshes

Generating a Volume Mesh Training Manual
The initial mesh is rather coarse for CFD purposes

although it illustrates the basics steps involved in
generating a tetrahedral mesh.
21. Right-click the Mesh entry in the Tree View and select
Generate Volume Mesh
• CFX-Mesh will create the volume mesh
• The information panel at the bottom right will display the
node and element count for the mesh

Mesh Refinement Training Manual
• The first part of this tutorial resulted in a rather coarse mesh with no
resolution of the boundary layer near walls
• Although a better quality mesh for CFD purposes could be generated by

defining finer global mesh spacings, the global mesh spacings will be left as
they are
• Instead, a mesh control will be defined to refine the mesh in the area of the
two pipe inlets. Also, an inflation layer will be added to the all walls in the
geometry to better resolve the boundary layer

Mesh Control: Point Spacing Training Manual
22. In the tree view right click on Controls under

the Mesh listing and Insert a Point Spacing
23. In the Details View for the Point Spacing
enter the following:
• Length Scale = 0.1
• Radius of Influence = 0.5
• Expansion Factor = 1.2
This defines a point spacing which describes
the element size and the region of influence
over which it will be applied

Line Control 1
Training Manual
24. Right-click on Controls in the Tree View, and

select Insert > Line Control
25. In the Details View for the Line Control, click
on Cancel in the box next to the first Point.
Right-click the red bar in the box next to the
first Point and select Edit in the pop-up menu
26. In the white text box, clear None and type in
1,-3,-1
• You can hit Enter from the keyboard or click in
the model view to finish
• Units are entered automatically
27. Similarly set the coordinates of the second
Point to 1,-1,-1
28. Leave the Option as Uniform
29. Click in the empty Spacing box and select
Point Spacing 1 from the Tree View and then
click Apply
Line Control 2 and Inflation Training Manual
30. In the Tree View, right-click on Controls

under the Mesh listing and Insert
another Line Control
31. For Line Control 2:
• Enter 1, 3 ,1 for the first Point
• Enter 1, 1 , 1 for the second Point
• Select Point Spacing 1 as the Spacing
32. In the Tree View right-click on Inflation
and Insert an Inflated Boundary
33. In the Details View for Inflated
Boundary 1, click in the Location box
marked None, select Default 2D Region
from the Tree View as the Location and
click Apply
• This will inflate from all walls in the
model
34. Set the Maximum Thickness for the
inflated boundary to 0.2 m
Mesh Preview for Refined Mesh Training Manual
35. Right-click on Preview > Default

Preview Group and select
Generate This Surface Mesh
• Notice the finer mesh in the
two side pipes
• You can modify the Length
Scale of Point Spacing 1 to
refine the mesh further
• Also note the quad faces on
the faces normal to the
inflated boundary

Final Volume Mesh Training Manual
You are now ready to create and

save the volume mesh:
36.Select Tools > Options > CFX-Mesh
Options
• Check that Volume Mesh Output is
set to Add to CMDB File
• Click OK
37.Click on the Generate Volume Mesh
icon on the task bar
38.When the process finishes, save your
CFX-Mesh database (File > Save)
• The volume mesh is now stored in the
Meshing Application cmdb file
• Note the change in the node and
element count in the Information
window and the addition of prisms
from inflation

Workshop B.3
Extruded Mesh

WS B.3: Extruded Mesh
• This workshop will take you through the process of meshing a simple
box geometry with an extruded 2D mesh. The Full extrusion option
will be demonstrated.
• The basic steps involved in this workshop are:

– 1. Start a new instance of the ANSYS Meshing Application and open the
geometry file to be meshed
– 2. Set the Mesh Method to CFX-Mesh and edit the Method
– 3. In CFX-Mesh, change the mesh options to Extruded 2D Mesh and set the
extrusion options
– 4. Define the faces for the 2D periodic pair
– 5. Set global mesh spacings (Body Spacing and Face Spacing)
– 6. Define an inflation layer on the side walls
– 7. Preview the surface mesh
– 8. Generate the Volume Mesh and save the meshing database

Starting the Meshing Application Training Manual
1. Copy the file box.agdb to your working

directory
systems.
6. Locate and open the file box.agdb.
7. Once the geometry is loaded double click
on to open the meshing
application.

Meshing Options Form Training Manual
8. When the Meshing Application

comes up, go to the Meshing
Options Panel which appears at
the right of the screen
• Set the Physics Preference to CFD
• Set the Mesh Method to CFX-
Mesh
• Make sure that Set Meshing
Defaults toggle is enabled
• Click OK

CFX-Mesh Training Manual
9. The model is now displayed in the CFX meshing environment.

10. Note that there are two faces on either end of the bar. As is, this would not
be a general sweepable body in the Meshing Application Swept Mesher.

Mesh Options Training Manual
11. Click on the Options entry under Mesh in

the Tree View
12. In the Details View, set the Meshing
Strategy Option to Extruded 2D Mesh
13. Leave the 2D Extrusion Option set to Full
14. Change the Number of Layers to 50 with
a Uniform distribution

Extruded Periodic Pair Training Manual
• Note the addition of an Extruded

Periodic Pair in the Tree View. This
entry has a red X next to it since the
faces which comprise it have yet to
be defined.
15.Click on the Extruded Periodic
Pair entry in the Tree View
16.In the Details View, select the
two faces at the high Z end of
the box and click Apply in the
Location 1 entry box
17.Similarly select the two faces at
the other side of the box and
click Apply in the Location 2
entry box

Setting the Global Body Spacing Training Manual
18. Click on the + sign next to the Spacing entry in the

Tree View to expand it
19. Set the Default Body Spacing to 0.10 in
• Note the mesh size preview icon in the viewport

Setting the Global Face Spacing Training Manual
20. Set the Default Face Spacing Option to Constant with a setting of 0.10 in

Initial Mesh Preview Training Manual
21. Select Preview > Default Preview Group >

Generate Surface Meshes
• Note the extrusion in the length direction

Adding Inflation Training Manual
22. In the Tree View right-click on Inflation

and Insert > Inflated Boundary
23. In the Details View for Inflated Boundary
1, select the four sides of the box from
the viewport and click Apply in the
Location box.
• This will inflate the mesh from the four
sides.
24. Set the Maximum Thickness to 0.20 in

Final Mesh Preview Training Manual
25. Right-click on the Default Preview Group and select Generate Surface Meshes
• Since there are now quad faces on the ends from the inflated layer, a combination of
hex and prism elements will be generated when the mesh is extruded

Final Volume Mesh Training Manual
You are now ready to create and

save the volume mesh:
26. Click on the Generate Volume Mesh

icon on the task bar
27. When the process finishes, save

your CFX-Mesh database (File >
Save).
• The volume mesh is now stored in

the Meshing Application cmdb file
• Note that the Mesh Information
Window shows that the volume
mesh contains a combination of
hexahedral (extruded quads) and
prismatic (extruded tris) elements

Workshop B.4
Virtual Topology for Geometry
and Mesh

WS B.4: Virtual Topology for Geometry and Mesh
• This workshop will take you through the process of using virtual topology to
create a better quality mesh for the aircraft engine geometry imported in
Workshop B.1
• Goals:
– Use Automatic Virtual Topology to improve mesh quality
1. Open the CFX-Mesh database that you saved at the end of Workshop B.1

CAD Issues and Virtual Topology Training Manual
– The CAD model has many narrow surfaces which are not significant to
the flow analysis
– CAD model has many short edges because of the way the surfaces
are constructed
– By default CFX-Mesh, resolves these narrow surfaces and short

edges, resulting in unnecessary mesh refinement and poor quality
elements
– We will create virtual faces and virtual edges to remove the

unnecessary narrow faces and edges, thereby by reducing the mesh
size and improving quality
– The automatic method of creating virtual topology will be

demonstrated in the workshop

Initial Surface Mesh (Before VT) Training Manual

Automatic Virtual Topology Training Manual
2. Select Virtual Topology in the Tree

View
• Set the Automatic Merge Strategy to
Low
• Set the Automatic Merge Option to
Entire Model
3. Right-click on Virtual Topology and

select Generate Virtual Topology on
the Entire Model

Viewing Virtual Faces Training Manual
• You should see that a number of virtual faces and

edges have been created
• These appear in the Tree View below the Virtual
Topology object
• You can click on the various virtual faces and
edges. They are color coded so that different
faces and edges appear differently.
• The leading and trailing edge of the wing are
areas of interest for CFD. You will find that they
have been grouped into virtual faces which is not
desirable

Deleting Virtual Faces Training Manual
4. Find any virtual faces which include the wing leading edge faces and delete them
• These are Virtual Face 8 and Virtual Face 11

Deleting Virtual Faces Training Manual
5. Find the virtual face which include the wing trailing edge and delete it
• This is Virtual Face 7

Preview Surface Mesh with VT Training Manual
6. Regenerate the surface mesh to see the effect of adding virtual topology

Creating the Volume Mesh Training Manual
• You could further modify the mesh by creating virtual faces and edges in
selected areas manually to further improve the mesh quality
7. Generate the volume mesh and save the CFX-Mesh database


ANSYS Meshing Application Introduction: Appendix B CFX-Mesh

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ANSYS Meshing Application Introduction: Appendix B CFX-Mesh

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Appendix B

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• CFX-Mesh provides automated mesh generation

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Valid element types for the CFX-Solver include tetrahedra, prisms

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

1. Launch ANSYS Workbench

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• In the Project environment go to Tools >

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Right-click on Mesh and Insert Method

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Note that the meshing environment is now modified

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

– To make a common face between pipe and cylinder, the

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

– Again, the rule to remember is that adjacent solid bodies in a

Single Side Surface

– To make sure the pipe and cylinder meet at a shared face,

External Side Surface

Cylindrical Internal Side Surface

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Geometry Update allows for quick modification of

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Geometry Checking checks for the presence of

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Failed check does not necessarily result in poor

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Looks for short edges in the geometry

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Computes a ratio of perimeter length to area for

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Provides guidance on the parameterization of the surfaces

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• By Default CFX-Mesh resolves every edge using a minimum of 3 vertices and

• May not require a fine mesh in these

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• CFX-Mesh only sees the combined Virtual Face or Virtual Edge

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• To change the appearance of your

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• You can use 2D Regions to give

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Named Selections are imported from

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Where two Solid Bodies meet at a

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Use attached Selection Rectangles to

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• You may choose to write .cmdb or .gtm or both

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• The process of setting an element length scale for CFX-Mesh can be

– Default Body Spacing

• Smallest effecting length scale is chosen

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Face Spacing can be set to one of 4 types:

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009

• Location: Faces where the Face Spacing values will be applied

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary April 28, 2009