Group 4

• Đỗ Nguyễn Xuân Thảo

• Cao Thị Thắm
• Ngụy Như Ngọc
• Nguyễn Thị Mỹ Châu
• Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Yến
• Nguyễn Thị Thùy Dương
• Lê Thị Hồng Hạnh
• Đặng Hoàng Huy
• Lê Tuấn Vũ
Anaphoric Reference
Anaphora Indirect anophora

Anaphoric reference

Cataphora Zero anaphora

or ellipsis
 e.g. In the film, a man and a woman were trying to
wash a cat. The man was holding the cat while the
woman poured water on it. He said something to
her and they started laughing

a man , a
Anaphoric Reference
woman, a cat
the man, the
woman, the cat,
it, they, he, her

After the initial introduction of some entity,

speakers will use various expressions to maintain
reference, generally known as Anaphoric Reference
Can I borrow your book? Yeah, it is on the desk.

Anaphora is a subsequent reference to an

already introduced entity. Mostly we use
anaphora in a text to maintain reference.

The initial expression is antecedent and the second

or subsequent expression is the anaphor
book=antecedent, it= anaphor

Anaphora has the pattern: antecedent-anaphor

I turned the corner and almost stepped on it. There
was a large snake in the middle of the path.
It = anaphor; a large snake= antecedent

Anaphor-antecedent (anaphor precedes the

antecedent) is the pattern of Cataphora
Put the chicken in the pan and fry it for 10 minutes
Put the chicken in the pan and fry Ǿ for 10 minutes
Ǿ= it=the chicken

When the interpretation requires reader or

listener identify an entity without linguistic
expression
The use of zero anaphora clearly creates an
expectation that the listener will be able to
infer who or what the speaker intends to
identify
I was waiting for the bus, but he just drove by
without stopping

He driver person driving the bus  the bus

As with other types of reference, the connection

between referent and anaphora may not always
be direct. Making sense this requires an
inference to make the anaphoric connection
Reference words and phrases
Personal pronouns I, he, she, it, we, you, they

Demonstrative pronouns This, that, these, those

Quantifiers Most, many, few, several,

etc

Paired pronouns One/another/the other,

some/(the) others

Ordinal numbers One, two, three, the first,

the fourth, the last
Thanks for listening !!!