Planning and Designing

a Hospital

Parnab Roy
MHM(1st year)
SMU
Hospital must meet two basic
fundamental needs-
• Must meet the needs of the patient it is
going to serve adequately.
• It must be in a size and proportions which
the owners or promoters will be able to
build and operate.
 Basic objectives which are to be
met by the hospital-

• Sound architectural plan

• Economic viability
• Effective community orientation
• Quality patient care
Principles of hospital planning-
• Protection from unwanted and unnecessary disturbances
in order to help speedy recovery
• Separation of dissimilar activities
• Control – the nurses station should be positioned
strategically to enable proper monitoring of visitors
entering and leaving the ward, infants and children should
be protected from theft and infection etc.
• Circulation- all the departments of a hospital must be
properly integrated.
(“separate all departments, yet keep them all together;
separate types of traffic, yet save steps for everybody;
that is all there is to hospital planning “– Emerson Goble)
 Selection of site-
• Needs of the community

Ease of accessibility

Range of services offered

Availability of specialists
Availability of technology
• Study of existing hospital(if any)

• Requirements of staff and services

 Type of hospital-

• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
• Private
• Partnership
• Public charitable trust
• Cooperative society
Bed planning-
Bed: Population=A S 100
365 PO

A= number of inpatient admissions/1000

population/year
S= average length of stay
PO= percentage occupancy
Planning of finances-
• Funds required for constructing, furnishing
and equipping the hospital.
• Operating funds- salaries, loans and
interest, other maintenance expenses.
• Arranging financial assistance-patient
fees, bed charges, and other modes of
revenue generation process.
Equipment planning-
Built in equipment These include counters and cabinets
in laboratory, Pharmacy and other
parts of the
hospital,elevators,incinerators,coolers,
fixed sterilizing equipment etc.These
are usually included in the construction
contract and the planning of these
equipments is the architect's
responsibility.
Depreciable equipment This includes equipment that has a
life of five years or more and is not
purchased through construction
contracts. These are large pieces of
furniture which have a relatively fixed
location and are capable of being
moved e.g., diagnostic and therapeutic
equipment, laboratory instruments,
office furniture etc.
Non depreciable equipment These are small items with a low
unit cost and life span of less than
five years. These are generally
under the control of the store room
and are bought through other than
construction contracts. They
include kitchen utencils,surgical
instruments,linen,waste baskets
etc.
Operation programme-
Admission Human resource
Administration Stores
General engineering Purchasing
Laundry Maintenance
Clinical services Waste disposal plant
Pharmacy Fire and safety
Nursing services Disaster plan
House keeping information
Records Dietary services
Public relations Clinical engineering
Employee facilities Sanitation
 Planning of departments-
• In patient department-
 Patient room- These may be private/semi private
rooms or multibed general wards. They should be
designed to be safe and aesthetically pleasing so as
to assist in quick recovery of patient. They must
contain space for equipments, staffs and various need
of the patient.
 Nurses control station- should be located and
designed in such a way that the nurses can observe
the patient room.
 The work area- related to handling materials
necessary for patient care, maintaining
communication and records etc.
 Interesting, right?
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