Approaches of MIS development

There are Seven approaches

1. Top down approach: Top management takes the lead in formulating objective,
polices and plans and communicates them down the line to middle and
supervisory management for translating them in to reality.
2. Bottom up approach: it is with five steps
I. Individual function application plan
II. Integration of functional APPLICATIONS
iii. Addition of various function related to database operate and management
control level
Iv. Integration of models having a wide variety of analysis, decision, planning
V. Strategic planning data and planning models are added to the information
system
3 Integrative Approach: All levels to influence the design of the information system
4 Traditional Approach: Sequence of work and ensure about accuracy and
completeness
5.Prototyping approach: Goal is to develop a small or pilot version
6. End User development approach: End user responsible for system development
7. Systematic Approach for development in small organisations: MIS professional
shall be working having with variety of responsibilities that they have little time
to develop new system for users
The following steps are require for develop the system
A. Identity requirement
B. Locate , evaluate and secure software development
C. Locate , evaluate and secure hardware
D. Implement the systems
 Limitations of MIS
1. MIS cannot replace managerial judgments
2. The quality of output of MIS is directly proportional to the quality of
input and processes.
3. MIS cannot provide tailor made information packages.
4. MIS may not have enough flexibility to update itself quickly
5. MIS takes only quantitative factor in to account
6. MIS is less useful for making non programmed decisions
7. MIS is less effective in the organisation where information is not
being shared with others.
8. MIS is less effective due to frequent changes in top management,
organisational structure and operation staff.
 Strategic MIS
If an information system is used in creative ways to achieve goals and fulfill set
oraganisational missions, it can be considered to be a strategic MIS
The employee focus on issues such as improving the quality of products, services
and also enhancing the decision making capabilities of managers.
Strategic MIS can be divided in to 3 categories
A System that focus on innovation fro competitive edge
B Systems that use information as weapon
C system that increases productivity and lower the costs of goods and services.
There are three characteristics in all strategic MIS
A. Telecommunications as a central part of SMIS
B reliance on a number of vendors for providing information technologies
C Cooperation among a number of organisation
 Barriers

The barriers fall into 3 categories

Problem definition barriers
•Generating workable idea require leadership and team work
•Many innovative idea are technically infeasible
•Many innovative ideas are prohibitively expansive
•Many idea die because they lack a sufficient market
Implementation Barriers
•Telecommunication increases the complexity of implementing SMIS
•Multiple system are difficult to Integrate
•SMIS system often require Inter organisational cooperation
•State of the art technologies are difficult to implement
Maintenance barriers
•Competitors can copy SMIS
•Unanticipated demand can overwhelm the usefulness of an SMIS
•Application can be expensive to maintain or enhance
•High exit barriers can cause devastating losses
 Success and failure of MIS

Factor contributing to success of MIS

•Sets of clear objective
•Technology meet data processing and analysis
•Design of MIS in terms of users requirement and operation viability
•MIS system modified according to changing information needs
•It focus result and goal
•Consideration of human behavioral aspects
•User friendly design
•Potential capability to quickly meet newer needs of information.
•Information support system
Factors contributing to failures
•Data processing not as an information system
•Lack of providing the information
•Complexity in business
•Insufficient checks and control in MIS
•Developed without streamlining of TPS
•Lack of training and appreciation
•Lack of user-friendly and dependence on system personnel
•Lack of administrative discipline
•Belief in computerized MIS
•Attempt of MIS without goal