CHAPTER – 5

ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MATERIALS

LECTURE DELIVERED BY HAILAY G (MSc.)

SAMARA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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 CHAPTER-5
Organic And Inorganic Materials

1.Organic material
Organic material is a material which is composed of organic
compounds that has to come from the remains of organisms such as soil,
plants and animals
Basically, any material that occurs in nature can be considered as organic
material,
These materials they contains carbon as an organic compound
Examples are wood, soil (clay)

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 In Organic Material
Properties Of Organic Material
 Inorganic material is a material those
are opposite to organic materials
 Availability is high
 These materials do not contain carbon
 Cost is less
 Flexibility in operation Ex: diamond
 High Melting and boiling Clay & Clay products
properties  Clay is naturally available earthy
Uses Of Organic Material material
Furniture  It is a non metal material
Natural colors  The products which are made up of
House construction clay is called as clay products
Bricks Ex; bricks, refractory bricks & stone
Decorated items ware
Crockery items (plates, dishes) 3
Properties of clay products Use of clay products
They are easy to mould
In the construction of houses &
They are having high thermal resistance
buildings
They are inflammable
For Flooring purpose
If you heat them they will become hard
For roofing purpose
They never reacts with salt, acids & other
chemicals Decorative items
They will never corroded In furnace construction
They can absorb water

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 Wood Use of wood
 Wood is a naturally available material Doors, windows & roofing parts
 We can extract wood from trees Trusses
Properties of wood Chairs, tables, lockers & beds
It is light in weight & strong
Flooring
It is having high tensile strength
Wooden bridges
It is having high compressive strength
It is a good insulator for heat, electricity
Boats
& sound Walls
It is non corroded material Vehicle bodies
It can withstand shocks Sports goods
It cannot reacts with salts & chemicals Musical equipment's
It is having high dimensional stability Railway coaches
It will give long life 5
 Non-metallic materials Uses of ceramics
Ceramics Tiles
Ceramics are defined as the compounds of metallic and
nom metallic elements Sanitary wares
Properties of ceramics Low & high voltage
Ceramics are hard , strong & dense insulators
It is having high compressive strength Crucibles
These are non ductile & non brittle
Chemical storage jars
They will give hardness at high temperatures
They are having low thermal expansion
Burners
They never react with chemicals & they can withstand Insulators & semiconductors
acid attacks
 Nuclear application
They are good thermal insulators
They have high thermal resistance
It can withstand thermal shocks
They have high melting point temperature 6
Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) Uses of Aluminum Oxide
Properties  High temperature electrical insulators
 it is very hard metal  High voltage insulators
 It is having high wear resistance  Furnace liner tubes
 It is having Good thermal conductivity  Electronic substrates
 It is having High strength and stiffness  Ballistic armor
 Thermometry sensors
 It is having high Resists to strong
acids and alkali attack at elevated  Laboratory instrument tubes and
sample holders
temperatures
 Instrumentation parts for thermal
 Excellent dielectric properties
property test machines
 Grinding media
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 Silicon Carbide (SiC) Uses of Silicon Carbide
Properties turbine components
Low density Suction box covers
High strength Seals, bearings
Low thermal expansion valve parts
High thermal conductivity Hot gas flow liners
High hardness Heat exchangers
High elastic modulus Semiconductor
Excellent thermal shock resistance Grinding wheels
Superior chemical inertness Emery papers

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Processing of silicon carbide
 Pure silicon carbide can be made by the Lely
process,
 In this process SiC powder is compressed
into a shape then it is heated up to 2500 °C
 Due to this high temperature silicon carbide
get fused and it will become one solid
component Silicon nitride
 Silicon nitride is a chemical compound of the
elements silicon and nitrogen
 It is white in color
 It is having high melting-point temperature
 It is very hard
Partially Stabilized Zirconia (PSZ)
These materials typically consists of two or
more phases
Properties
 Excellent toughness
 Excellent wear resistance
 Excellent impact resistance
 Good resistance to thermal shock
 Good chemical resistance
 Good corrosion resistance
Applications
Dies and tooling
Knives, scissors and blades
Wear resistant components including
bearings and linings
Pump parts
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 Sialon
Properties Plastics
 Excellent thermal shock resistance
 Not wetted or corroded  Plastic is light weight material
 High strength
 It is a non metal
 Good fracture toughness
 Good high temperature strength  That’s why it is a non metal
 Low thermal expansion
 Good oxidation resistance
materials
Uses of Sialon  By using heat and pressure we can
Thermocouple protection tubes for nonferrous mould the plastic in to desired shape
metal melting
Immersion heater  Generally plastics obtained from
injector tubes in nonferrous metals petroleum, coal, lime stone, salt,
Metal feed tubes in aluminum die casting sulphur, cellulus of cotton and wood
Welding and brazing fixtures
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 Properties of plastics Uses of plastics
Buckets
 Light in weight
Tubes
 Low thermal conductivity Plates
Spoons
 Low electrical conductivity
Dustbins
 Wide range of colors are available Cups
tables
 These are transparent
Chairs
 Good dimensional stability Toys
Pens
 Good sound absorption properties
Tooth brush
 Good tensile strength Tubs
Mobile panels
 They Never corroded
Fridge panels
 Low heat resistances Air conditioner panels
Washing machine panels
 Not very hard Television panels
 High coefficient of thermal expansion
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Types of plastics
1. Thermo plastics
2. Thermosetting plastics
Thermo plastics
This plastic is called as soft plastic
With application of heat it will become
soft
So we can soften them so many times
They have low meting point
temperature
This plastic is reusable
They have resale value
Ex: toys ,photography films ,pipes
,insulating tapes, toilet goods
Thermosetting plastics
This plastic is called as hard plastic
With application of heat it will not
become soft but it melt directly
It is not possible to re-soften them
They have high meting point
temperature
This plastic is not reusable
They do not have resale value
Ex: telephone parts ,electric plugs
,computer and TV panels, automobile
and switch panels
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