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Thermodynamics and Equilibrium: Adapted by B Kuswandi From The Open Internet Source
Thermodynamics and Equilibrium: Adapted by B Kuswandi From The Open Internet Source
and Equilibrium
U q w
w PV
You can calculate the work done by a chemical
reaction simply by multiplying the atmospheric
pressure by the change in volume, V.
H o o
nH f (products) o
mH f (reactants)
[2 ( 45.9) 0] kJ 91.8 kJ
Chapter 19 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 50
A Problem To Consider
wmax G
The term free energy comes from this result.
Hence,
5.49 2
K e 2.42 10
+ + + Nonspontaneous at all T
– – + or – Spontaneous at low T;
Nonspontaneous at high T
+ + + or – Nonspontaneous at low T;
Spontaneous at high T
Chapter 19 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 74
Calculation of Go at Various
Temperatures
In this method you assume that Ho and So
are essentially constant with respect to
temperature.
You get the value of GTo at any temperature T
by substituting values of Ho and So at 25 oC
into the following equation.
o o o
G T H T S
H o o
nH f (products) o
mH f (reactants)
[( 635.1 393.5) ( 1206.9)]kJ 178.3 kJ
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