THEORY OF SCIENTIFIC WRITING

”SUMMARIZING”

Oleh:
Inas Nadifa (93219019)
Scientific writing
A. Scientific Writing The format of Scientific Paper
is a technical form of writing that is designed to commun
icate scientific information to other. 1. Title
B. Kind of Scientific Writing 2. Abstract
There are several kinds of scientific writing: 3. Introduction
- Peer - reviewed journal articles (presenting primary r 4. Theoretical Background
esearch)
5. Methods
- Grant proposal
6. Results
- Literature Review Articles (Summarizing and synthesiz
ing research that has already been carried out). 7. Conclusions
C. Standard format of Scientific Writing 8. Summary
The standard structure of Scientific writing consists o 9. Discussion
f: IMRaD
10. References
11. Appendixes
SUMMARIZING
Summarizing is retelling or rewriting the important points of a text using
our own words without reducing the important point of the original text.

The Purpose of Summarizing:

To briefly present the key points of a Theory or work in order to provide
context for our thesis .

Methods of Choosing Material for the Summary:

a. Selection and Deletion
This method can help us to eliminate less important material and look
forward to key words easily.

b. Note Taking
This method can help us to find the main idea and then we can write the
key statement.

c. Miniaturizing
With Miniaturizing, we can retain the overal meaning and impression.
The Process of Summarizing

1. Read the original text.

2. Write a thesis and main idea with your own words.
3. Decide the crucial points.
4. Edit your summary.
5. Reread the original text
6. Opposite to solid essay writing, that the goal is to be brief and general.
The Types of Summary
1. Main Point Summary
A main point summary reads much like an article abstract , giving the most important "facts" of
the text. It should identify the title, author, and main point or argument .
2. Key Point Summary
The key point summary involves a full accounting and complete representation of the author's
entire set of ideas. One reason to use this sort of summary would be if the writer intended to r
espond to the author's arguement using an agree/disagree response model .
3. Outline Summary
This type of summary mimics the structure of the text being summarized . It includes the main po
ints and argument in the same order they appear in the original text . This is an especially eff
ective technique to use when the accompanying response will be analytic , such as an evaluation
of the logic or evidence used in a text.
YOU CAN SUMMARIZE

- Results of studies you are reporting on

- Methods or approaches others have taken in an area you are descr
ibing
- Various researchers’/authors’ viewpoints on given issues
- points you have made in an essay at any juncture or in a conclusio
n
- Contents of a text you are reviewing
- Issues peripheral to your paper but necessary for providing the
context for your writing
- Historical events leading to the event/issue/philosophy you ar
e discussing.
EXAMPLE OF SUMMARIZING
Example of Summarizing a Paragraph
CITATION:
Inge, M. Thomas. “Peanuts and American Culture.” Comics as Cul
ture. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1990. 104-106.
ORIGINAL PASSAGE:
Just as Peanuts seems to have absorbed so much of the popular cul
ture which preceded it, the comic strip has had a profound influe
nce on the society and culture of its own time. Peanuts affects a
nd inspires our daily lives, and not simply because we can open o
ur daily newspapers and find it there without fail (for over 14,
000 days now without interruption—one of the few certainties i
n a world beset by unsettling changes). Peanuts has become an in
tegral part of the history of American culture through its influ
ence in so many areas of our life and society.
SUMMARY:
According to M. Thomas Inge, the comic strip, Peanuts, has a great
influence on our present-day culture (104).
Summarizing vs Paraphrasing
Summarizing is the tool in writ
ing which is used when you need
the main idea of the text.
Summarizing is used;
a. When only the main ideas of t
he writer are to be identified.
b. When only an overview of the
whole work is required.
c. When simplification is requ
ired.
d. When only the main highlight
s of the work have to be mention
ed.
Paraphrasing is reading over a t
ext and interpreting it in one’
s own words without changing the
meaning of the original text.
Paraphrasing is used;
a. When another writer’s work h
as to be used.
b. When quotes are not used in th
e text.
c. When the ideas have a greater
relevance than the style of writ
ing.
d. When you want to simplify the
work of another person.
Thank You !