Cohesive Method

Cohesive is a failure in the bulk layer of the adhesive or sometimes in the

bulk. Cohesive input properties include parameters that define the stiffness,
strength and fracture energy of the cohesive material layer in each of its three
deformation modes.

The cohesive behaviour can be introduced in two methods in Abqus software:

• Modelled with cohesive element (Element based)

• Modelledcontact pairs in Abqus/Stanadard (surface based).
There are many possibilities for positioning the CZM
element within the adhesive layers:
• Treating the complete thickness of adhesive layer as the CZM
• Putting the CZM on the interface between adhesive and substrate
• Putting the CZM element in the middle of the adhesive layer
• Using zero thickness interface to give an interaction property

0.02 mm 0.02 mm

A 0.5 mm B C

D Surface Cohesive
Constitutive Response

Maximum nominal stress criterion Maximum nominal strain criterion

  ⟨ 𝜎𝑛 ⟩   ⟨ 𝜀𝑛 ⟩ 𝜀𝑠 𝜀𝑡
𝑀𝐴𝑋
{ 𝑁 𝑚𝑎𝑥
,
𝜎𝑠
,
𝜎𝑡
𝑆 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑇 𝑚𝑎𝑥 } 𝑀𝐴𝑋
{ 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝜀𝑛
,
𝜀 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑠
,
𝜀 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑡
}
Damage Initiation, Criterion=MAXS Damage Initiation, Criterion=MAXE
𝑚𝑎𝑥
 𝜀 𝑛 , 𝜀 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑠 , 𝜀 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑡
Quadratic nominal stress criterion Quadratic nominal strain criterion
2
2 2 2   ⟨ 𝜀𝑛 ⟩ 𝜀𝑠 2 𝜎𝑡 2
  ⟨𝜎 𝑛⟩
( 𝑁 𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) ( ) (
+
𝜎𝑠
𝑆 𝑚𝑎𝑥
+
𝜎𝑡
𝑇 𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) =1 ( ) ( ) ( )
𝜀𝑛
𝑚𝑎𝑥
+ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =1
𝜀𝑠 𝜀𝑡
Damage Initiation, Criterion=QUADS Damage Initiation, Criterion=QUADS
𝑁
  𝑚𝑎𝑥 , 𝑆 𝑚𝑎𝑥 ,𝑇 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝜀  𝑚𝑎𝑥 , 𝜀 𝑚𝑎𝑥
, 𝜀 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑛 𝑠 𝑡

  nominal stress in the pure normal mode   nominal strain in the pure normal mode
𝜎 𝑠 : nominal  stress  in  the  first  shear  direction 𝜀 𝑠 : nominal   strain   in   the   first   shear  direction
 
  : nominal stress in the first shear direction   nominal strain in the first shear direction
:
CZM Parameters
Property

There are various Traction & Separation laws:

• Linear
• Exponential [GPa]
• Tvergard & Hutchinson [MPa]
[MPa]
[N/mm]

Maximum normal traction

Maximum tangential traction
[N/mm] Fracture energy mode 1
Fracture energy mode 2
In Abaqus, nominal stress and strain quantities
are used for the traction separation law.
• If unit thickness is specified for the
element, then the nominal strain
corresponds to the separation value.

Elastic response governed by Enn.

• If you specify a non-unit thickness for the

cohesive element, you must scale your
data to obtain the correct stiffness Enn

  𝑛𝑛 = 𝐸
𝐸
𝐴𝑑h𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑇h𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠
Adhesive Thickness =0.2
  1800   500
𝐸𝑛𝑛 = =9000 𝐸𝑠𝑠 = =2500
0.2 0.2