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Statistics for Social Science

Lecture 5A
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Measures of Central Tendency

 Mean
 Median
 Mode
 Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles

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Measures of Central Tendency

 The central tendency of a classified data or a chart of a

frequency distribution can be defined as the tendency of
clustering around of different values around a central
value which is a representative of all other values in the
data.

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Mean

 The“mean” of some data is the average score or value.

 Example: Average salary of the employees of a company.
 Population
Mean
 Sample Mean

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Mean

  Population Mean: It is the sum of all the values in the population divided by
the number of values in the population.
 Mean of a population:
 represents the population mean. It is the Greek lowercase letter “mu.”
 N is the number of values in the population.
 X represents any particular value.
 ∑ is the Greek capital letter “sigma” and indicates the operation of adding.
 ∑X is the sum of the x values in the population.

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Mean

 Any measurable characteristic of a population is called a parameter. The mean

of a population is an example of a parameter.
 Parameter is a characteristic of a population.

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Mean

  Population Mean:

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Mean

  Sample Mean: It is the sum of all the sampled values divided by the total
number of sampled values..
 Mean of a Sample:
 represents the sample mean. It is read as “X bar.”
 n is the number of values in the sample.
 X represents any particular value.
 ∑ is the Greek capital letter “sigma” and indicates the operation of adding.
 ∑X is the sum of the X values in the sample.

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Mean

 The mean of a sample, or any other measure based on sample data, is called a
statistic.
 Statistic is a characteristic of a sample.

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Mean

  Sample Mean:

 =97.5

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Missing Value Given the Mean

 The Mean value is 4 and the ages of children are as follows. Find the missing
value y of the set of data.
Age
5
2
y
2
4
8
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Missing Value Given the Mean

  Age
5
2
y
2
4
8
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Missing Value Given the Mean

  Age
5
2
y
2
4
8
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Missing Value Given the Mean

 Mean = 18 and Find, f = ?.

Class Intervals fi
11 – 13 7
13 – 15 6
15 – 17 9
17 – 19 13
19 – 21 f
21 – 23 5
23 – 25 4

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Missing Value Given the Mean

 Mean = 18 and Find, f = ?.

Class Intervals fi xi fi xi  
11 – 13 7 12
13 – 15 6 14
15 – 17 9 16
17 – 19 13 18
19 – 21 f 20
21 – 23 5 22
23 – 25 4 24

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Missing Value Given the Mean

 Mean = 18 and Find, f = ?.

Class Intervals fi xi fi xi
11 – 13 7 12 84
 
13 – 15 6 14 84
15 – 17 9 16 144
17 – 19 13 18 234
19 – 21 f 20 20f
21 – 23 5 22 110
23 – 25 4 24 96

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Missing Value Given the Mean

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Missing Value Given the Mean

 
 

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Missing Value Given the Mean |Practice

 Mean = 22 and Find, f = ?.

Class Intervals fi
10 - 14 4
14 - 18 5
18 - 22 f
22 - 26 7
26 - 30 7
30 - 34 3

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Properties of the Arithmetic Mean

 Thearithmetic mean is a widely used measure of location. It has

several important properties:
 Every set of interval-level or ratio-level data has a mean. The ratio-level
data include such data as ages, incomes, and weights, with the distance
between numbers being constant.
 All the values are included in computing the mean.
 The mean is unique. That is, there is only one mean in a set of data.

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Properties of the Arithmetic Mean …

  The arithmetic mean is a widely used measure of location. It has

several important properties:
 The sum of the deviations of each value from the mean is zero.
 Expressed symbolically:
 As an example, the mean of 3, 8, and 4 is 5. Then:

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End of Lecture 5A

Thank you