Design of Net Metering

System based on Arduino

Presented By: Jamal Khan

Supervisor: Dr. Salman
 Introduction
•Net metering is basically a billing mechanism that credits solar energy
system owners for the electricity that add to the grid.
•When your solar panels produce more electricity than you need,
that energy is sent to the grid in exchange for credits. Then, at night or
other times when your solar panels are under producing, you pull energy
from the grid and use these credits to offset the costs of that energy.
•A Bidirectional meter calculate the net energy bill at the end of month.
 Introduction continue…
•Fossil fuels are harmful to environment and are limited
in the world so all the countries in the world are shifting
towards renewable sources.
•Renewable energy sources are long lasting and are
environmental friendly.
 NEMS in the World
Country Implemented Energy sources Size limits
Denmark 2010 Wind, Solar, 6kW
Biomass
Italy 2006 All Renewable 200kW
Energy Sources
Malta 2010 Solar PV 3kW to 100kW
Brazil 2012 Solar, wind, 5MW
biomass
 NEMS in Pakistan
Pakistan has been facing energy shortfall of 4000MW, as a result,
load shading and power blackouts have become sever issues.
NEPRA announced the net metering regulations on September
1,2015. As per these regulations, any customer of the national grid
can avail net metering facility for small scale (1kW to 1MW).
40000 smart meters installed in Multan, Vehari and Khanewal to
residential and industrial consumers which have helped to
improve the utility’s billing system.
 Problem Statement
Our research aim is to develop a net metering system
based on arduino.
The desired system will count the number of units
used from both AC and DC sources, will charge the net
bill and will also detect theft of electricity.
It will compare the monthly bill will the bill of the
tradition power.
 Literature Review
Nazmus Saqib and Rifat Jabin proposed a grid integrated PV system with net metering scheme .
A house of 149 sq.meter is considered in Dhaka city. By integrating PV system with net metering
scheme, cost of electricity per unit reduces from $0.1 to $0.00396 and yearly sell of 11,839
kWh/year to the grid also.[1]
Conrado F. Ostia and Roberto R. Sevilla implemented a hybrid net metering technology that
help to limit the power consume from the grid and increase the use of renewable energy. The
development of a hybrid system almost reduce the load consumption by 26.69%. [2]
Michael C. Pacis and Julius T. Sese proposed a system which integrate the surplus energy meter
of PV system using Zigbee wireless technology. The study was conducted by analyzing the concept
of net metering system but they only focus on measuring the surplus energy to be export. The
Zigbee technology was integrated with the meter to measure and monitor the surplus energy
produced by the PV system. The PV system can produce an average daily surplus energy of
0.22489 kWh and monthly surplus energy of 7.00982 kWh. [3]
 Literature Review
K. Maharaja, Pardeep Balaji and Sangeetha proposed a bi-directional net meter in
grid connected solar PV system for domestic users that keeps track of the
difference between energy imported from and exported to the grid. The proposed
system consists of an arduino which acts as processing unit and LCD to display the
energy at regular intervals.[4]
Maham Tariq and M. Shoaib present a review on net metering techniques in
Pakistan. It is concludede that Pakistan has high solar iradiance with an average of
4.5 to 5 kWh per day and solar energy can be used through net metering technique
to overcome the huge losses in energy.[5]
Enrique and Emilio proposed an advanced smart metering infrastructure for
integration in future smart homes, where not only the electrical consumption is
monitored but also the gas, water and heat. [6]
 Literature Review
Issah M.Alahmad measures the feasibility of utilizing PV panels on the roof top
while connected to the power grid of Abu Dhabi under NEMS. A 25kw PV panels
and 25kW invertor can produce 84,864 kWh/ year and can feed the grid 18,421
kWh/ year also.[7]
Vinod Kumar, Pardeep Kumar and Swami designed a bidirectional energy
meter which is programmed in FPGA for microgrid with multiple users which is
connected to the utility grid.[8]
Ravindra Kumar and Vikar Sing made a comparison of grid connected
residential load with the grid connected residential load along with solar PV
panels based on Net metering system. It is observed that the grid connected
with residential load along with PV system reduce electricity cost per month.[9]
 Literature Review

Intisar A. Sajjad, Roberto Napoli and Martirano studied the economic

benefits of net metering for individual residential customers and came to a
conclusion that a significant difference in the saving of individuals observed.
[10]
 Himanshu K. Patel and Anshul Goyal introduces a system based on arduino
that removes human intervention in metering reading and bill generation
thereby reducing the chance of any illegal activity like corruption etc.[11]