The University of Lahore

A “W4” Category University

CHAPTER 2
Testing Throughout the Software Life Cycle

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A “W4” Category University

Iterative OR Incremental Life Cycle

1. A development life cycle where a project is broken into a series of
increments , each of which delivers a portion of the functionality
in the overall project requirements.
2. The requirements are prioritized and deliver in priority order .
3. Each subproject follows a mini V-Model with its own design,
coding and testing phase

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A “W4” Category University

Advantages
1. Simpler to manage
2. Validation testing is carried out at each increment
3. Giving early feedback on the fitness for use
4. Generates working software quickly and early
5. More flexible – less costly to change the scope or
requirements
6. Easier to test and debug during a smaller iteration

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A “W4” Category University

Disadvantages

1. Needs technical expertise

2. Model is poorly understood by non-technical
management, hence not so widely used.
3. Complicated model, needs competent professional
management. High administrative overhead.

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A “W4” Category University

Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model

1. Codes are used to implement the software and it does not
disappear together with the product.

2. We can re-use the code all over again in another software.

3. We just make a little change in the interface to fit the

requirement of the client and we have a brand new program.

4. Code generators. No need to create complicated codes, we just

run the system through our preferences and we have a fully
functional program.
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A “W4” Category University

5. Instead of creating original coding, developers use

other tools such as software development kits and
other graphic user interfaces to create programs.

6. RAD also relies on the available codes and reuses it.

7. RAD uses GUI, development kits and existing codes,

software development will be faster.

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A “W4” Category University

The idea of reusing codes and tools is what defines

another form of Software Development Life Cycle
called Rapid Application Development, or RAD

 If the requirements are well understood and defines,

RAD enables a development team to create a fully
functional system within very short time period.

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A “W4” Category University

Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model

RAD is a methodology for compressing the analysis, design, build,
and test phases into a series of short, iterative development cycles.

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A “W4” Category University

Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model

When do we use RAD?

1. Experienced programmers
2. Speed up application development
The participation of the users will be greater
since they will work in double time to check if
the software is up with the standards.
3. Quick solution for a business problem
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A “W4” Category University

Advantages

1. Quickly give the customer something to see and use.

2. RAD development encourages active customer feedback
regarding requirements.
3. Rapid change and development is possible.
4. Validation with the RAD development process is an early
and major activity.

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A “W4” Category University

Conclusion:
1. Instead of using codes, developers use different tools
and software development kits and bring them all
together to create a software.
2. Developers who are time challenged could use this
application development.
3. Users’ feedbacks are important in this development
cycle since they will suggest whether the program will
fit to their specifications and needs.

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A “W4” Category University

Characteristics of good testing

 For every development activity there is a testing

activity.
 Each test level has test objectives specific to that level.
 The analysis and design of tests for a given test level
should begin during the development activity.
 Testers should involve in reviewing documents as soon
as drafts are available in the development cycle.

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A “W4” Category University

Re-Cap (Lecture)
1. Waterfall Model
2. Problems/disadvantages of waterfall model
3. Advantages of waterfall model
4. Three levels of V-MODEL
5. 4 test levels organized in V-model
6. Waterfall Vs V-model
7. Iterative or incremental model
8. Advantages of iterative model
9. Disadvantages of iterative model
10. RAD model
11. Advantages of RAD model
12. When to use RAD model?
13. Characteristics of good tester

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 The University of Lahore
A “W4” Category University

Re-Cap (Lecture)
1. Waterfall Model
2. Problems/disadvantages of waterfall model
3. Advantages of waterfall model
4. Three levels of V-MODEL
5. 4 test levels organized in V-model
6. Waterfall Vs V-model
7. Iterative or incremental model
8. Advantages of iterative model
9. Disadvantages of iterative model
10. RAD model
11. Advantages of RAD model
12. When to use RAD model?
13. Characteristics of good tester

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A “W4” Category University

Test Case
“A set of input values, execution pre-conditions, expected
results and execution post conditions, developed for a
particular test condition.”
“Test case is a document which specifies set of input data
and expected result which is used to test the application for
the intension of finding bugs.” 

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A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Example 1

We have old password, new password,

confirmed password followed by submit button.
what are the test cases written for that?

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A “W4” Category University

Old Password
Verify that old password field should allow existing password only.
It should not allow blank.
New Password
New Password field should not allow blank.
New Password field should allow password based on client req.
Confirm Password
Confirm password should be matched with New Password.
Confirm Password should not be blank.
Submit Button
Submit button should be enabled in all cases.

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A “W4” Category University

Test Case – General Format

General format for test case
1. Test case ID
2. Test case Description
3. Test case purpose/objective
4. Pre-conditions
5. Input Criteria
6. Expected Result
7. Status (pass/fail)
8. Remarks

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A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Example 2

  Write the test cases for a login page
Test_case id: TC_01
Description: Enter the valid user name and password
Purpose: To check login page open successfully
Pre condition: Application must accept the user name and
password
Input Criteria: username: binus, Password: ****
Expected Result: Login user page should open with all its
contents
Status: Pass
Remarks: Done  

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A “W4” Category University

Test Case - Types

Positive Test Case Negative Test Case

“Positive test cases are designed to prove that the system

accepts the valid inputs and then process them correctly.”

“The negative test cases are designed to prove that the

system rejects invalid inputs and does not process them. “
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A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Types Examples

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A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Types Examples

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A “W4” Category University

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 The University of Lahore
A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Class Assignment 1

There is a window with 6 to 7 fields like Student ID,

First Name, Last Name, Address, Contact Number
etc. What are the -ve test cases for such fields.

 
   

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A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Class Assignment 1 Solution

1. First name & Last name fields shouldn't accept
numbers, special characters.
2. First name & Last name fields should have
validation like it can't accept more than 10-15
characters (Depends on the requirement).
3. The contact number field shouldn't accept alphabets,
special characters (Except +sign for the country
code).
4. The contact number field shouldn't accept more than
10 digits.
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 The University of Lahore
A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Class Assignment 2

Write Negative Test Cases on "Edit"

Button, "Cancel" Button ?

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A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Class Assignment 2 Solution

1. It should not accept any key other than mouse click.

OR
2. Enter key or a specific combination of key (e.g. Alt-E or
Alt-C)

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 The University of Lahore
A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Class Assignment 3

Write down the positive test cases of uploading files

(uploading size limit is 10MB).

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A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Class Assignment 3 SOLUTION

1. Check for uploading a file within maximum MB (size

allowed to upload) expected result : should upload.

2. Check for uploading a file equal to maximum MB (size

allowed to upload) expected result : should upload

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 The University of Lahore
A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Class Assignment 4

Write down the negative test cases of uploading files

(uploading size limit is 10MB).

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A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Class Assignment 4 SOLUTION

1. Check for uploading a file greater than maximum MB .

expected result :should display a message "exceeds the limit“

2. Check for uploading a file which is insecure to send

expected result : should display " cant send these file for
security reason"

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A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Class Assignment 5

Write down the test cases of uploading files within 10

MB by using proper test case format.

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A “W4” Category University

Test Case – Class Assignment 5 SOLUTION

Test_case id
TC_ UF
Description
Uploading files within allowed size of 10 MB
Purpose
To check file is uploaded within the allowed size
Pre condition
Application must accept to upload a file
Input Criteria
File of size within the allowed size
Expected Result
File should be uploaded
Status
Pass
Remarks
Done  
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