SCIENCE

ONLINE CLASS
BY
PN SITI ROHANA BINTI MAN
SMK SULTAN BADLISHAH, KULIM
1.6 Steps in a Scientific
Investigation
Steps in a Scientific
Investigation
• Scientific method is a systematic
method used to solve problems
in science.
• This method consists of a few
important steps to enable a
problem to be solved or
explained using the correct
method.
 Scientific Method
• Identifying problem
• Construct a hypothesis
• Controlling variables
• Planning experiment
• Conduct the experiment
• Collecting Data
• Analyse and interpret data
• Making a conclusion
• Write a report
 Identify a
problem
• Identify a problem that
could be tested with a
scientific
investigation.
 Construct a hypothesis
• We need to build a
hypothesis as
an initial explanation
of the observation or
phenomenon
being investigated.
• The hypothesis has
to be tested.
 Control
variables
• Identify the type of variables
involved.
• Variables are physical quantities
that influence the observation or
scientific phenomena and it
consists of manipulated
variables, constant variables
and responding variables.
 Plan an experiment

• We have to design an experiment

carefully beforehand.
• We also need to choose the right
materials and apparatus for the
experiment.
Conduct the
experiment

• While conducting the experiment, precautions must be

practised at all times to obtain a more accurate data. Safety
measures must also be followed to prevent accidents
Collect data

• Data collection is carried out carefully using suitable instruments

while taking into consideration any random or systematic error that
might occur.
• Make sure the measurements are carried out at least three times to
obtain a more accurate and precise reading.
• Use a table to record your data.
 Analyse and
interpret data
• Analysis must be
accompanied by effective
communication forms such
as graphs and tables.
• Graphs and tables assist us
to easily interpret the data
.
 Make a
conclusion
• Conclusions are made based on
experimental analysis; either
hypothesis is accepted or rejected.
• If rejected, we need to make a new
hypothesis and carry out the
experiment again.
Write a Report
When writing a
report. All important
data and information
must be included.
Copy and answer the questions in exercise book
1.7 Scientific Attitudes and
Values in Carrying Out
Scientific Investigations
 Scientific attitudes that
should be practiced

• Be interested and curious about

surroundings
• Be honest and accurate while
recording and validating data
• Be responsible for your own and
others safety as well as for
the environment.
 Moral values
• Examples of other values that need to be practised during a
scientific investigation:
1. Realise that scientific knowledge is one way to understand our
environment
2. Appreciate and practise a clean and healthy lifestyle
3. Appreciate the balance in the natural environment
4. Be polite and respect each other
5. Be grateful that the natural environment is a gift from God
Copy and answer the questions in exercise book
END OF CHAPTER 1