WATER QUALITY

MONITORING
 WHAT IS WATER QUALITY
MONITORING?
Is the collection of information at set
locations and at regular intervals in order to
provide the data which may used to defined
current conditions and establish a trend of
cause and effect relationship
 it is an activity or process consisting of
integrated tasks, namely:
1.sampling or collection of water samples
2.Analysis of collected samples
3.Data interpretation
4.Reporting
TYPES OF WATER QUALITY
MONITORING

1. Effluent Quality Monitoring

2. Stream Quality Monitoring

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF WATER
QUALITY MONITORING?
 It is required in the issued ECC (for regulatory
purposes)
 To determine the water quality of the water
body in use to assure that it is still appropriate
for its intended use.
 To detect if there are any changes of the
water quality in relation to time, space and its
use.
 As a tool in the management of use of the
water body for its maximum utilization
without impairing its water quality for the
present and future use.
Uses of Water Quality Data Produced in
Quality Monitoring
 Determination of background quality of a water
body;
 Identification and prioritization for abatement,
prevention and control of sources or pathways of
water pollutants and their effects on the water
body;
 Establishment of an information base on water
quality changes that could be used for the
prediction of future trends, water quality
development, planning and ecological study and
 Evaluation of the achievement of water quality
management.
Improve compliance with the
requirements on the implementation of
self-monitoring program;

More thorough evaluation of the

effectiveness of in-plant water pollution
and waste minimization measures;

Generation of more reliable data for the

design and operation of wastewater
treatment facilities.
 Factors to be considered in
Designing Quality Monitoring

Types and location of monitoring

stations;
Sampling techniques and equipment
Water quality parameters to be
measured
Frequency of sampling
Sample handling and preservation
Analysis program
Siting of Monitoring Stations
1. Planning of Monitoring System
 Information Gathering; Determination of Data Needs;Preliminary Surveys;
Data Review; monitoring stations record
2. Recommended Locations of Sampling Station
 Upstream and downstream of a significant water withdrawal or discharge;
Intakes for municipal, industrial and agricultural water supply; confluence
of major tributaries; Change in beneficial water usage such as recreation
and fishing areas; Sections where water in its natural or unpolluted state;
inland tidal limit; vegetation cover of drainage area
3. Site Requirements
 Flowrate; Representativeness; Accessibility; Distance to laboratory;Safety;
Homogeneity; Disturbing influences; sampling facilities
Sampling Methodologies and
Frequencies
1. Methods of sampling
2. Sampling devices
3. Labeling and documentation of
samples
4. Sample Preservation and Holding time
5. Field measured parameters
6. Sampling Frequency
 Types of Sampling Methods

1. Grab Sampling – is the collection of a

single sample at any time and flow
condition

2. Composite Sampling – is the

collection of individual effluent
samples which are then mixed to
become a single sample
 Sampling Devices
1. Manual Grab Sampler – are used for collecting
discrete or depth-integrated sample.
- Van Dorn Bottle
- Kemmerer Sampler
- Sampling Iron
2. Dissolved Oxygen Sampler – A typical sampler
for collecting samples for determining dissolved
Oxygen concentration and biochemical oxygen
demand
Labelling & Documentation of Samples

- sample containers must be properly

labelled prior to sampling;
- Labels must be written directly on the
container itself or on waterproof labelling
tape using water resistant marking ink.
- The labels must contain the sample
number and the sampling station.
 The following information & data are to be
recorded on sampling form or in a field logbook

• Name of water body/ source of sample

• Station Identification & description
• Date & Time of sampling
• Discharge rate
• Weather condition
• Results of field determination of DO, pH, Temp., etc.
• Name of Sample Collector
• Water quality parameters to be analyzed in the lab.
• Other relevant information
Table 1. Recommended Volume, Container Type,
Preservative and Holding Time for Sample
Analyses
Parameter Vol. Req. Container Preservative Holding
mL Time

Arsenic 100 P,G Cool, 4oC 24 Hrs.

BOD 1,000 P,G Cool, 4oC 6 Hrs.
Chloride 50 P,G Cool, 4oC 24 Hrs.
Color 50 P, G Cool, 4oC 24 Hrs.

Coliform, 100 G, Sterile None 6Hrs.

Fecal &
Total
Dissolve 300 G only Det.on No
d site holding
Oxygen Fix on site time
Fluoride 300 P, G Cool, 4oC 7 days
Table 1. Recommended Volume, Container Type,
Preservative and Holding Time for Sample
Analyses
Parameter Vol. Req. Container Preservative Holding Time
mL
Metals
200 Filter on site
Dissolved P,G HNO3 to pH <2 6 mos.

Total 100 HNO3 to pH <2

Mercury
100 P,G Filter 38 Days
Dissolved HNO3 to pH <2 (Glass)

100 P,G HNO3 to <2 13 Days

Total (Hard Plastic)
pH 25 P, G Det. on site 6 Hrs.
Table 1. Recommended Volume, Container Type,
Preservative and Holding Time for Sample
Analyses
Parameter Vol. Req. Container Preservative Holding Time
mL
Organochlorine 250 G, Amber Cool, 4oC Extract in
Pesticides 7 days
Organophosphoro 1,200 G Cool,, 4oC 10% Extract in
us pesticides HCL to 4.4 7 days
Nitrogen
Ammonia 400 P, G Cool, 4oC 24 Hrs.
Kjedahl 500 H2SO4 to pH
Nitrate 100 <2
Nitrite 50
Phosphorous
Total 50 P,G Cool, 4oC
Dissolved Filter on site, 24 Hrs
Orthophosphate Cool, 4oC
Table 1. Recommended Volume, Container Type,
Preservative and Holding Time for Sample
Analyses

Parameter Vol. Req. Container Preservative Holding Time

mL
Specific 100 P,G Cool, 4oC 24 Hrs.
Conductance
Sulfate 50 P,G Cool, 4oC 7 days
Sulfite 50 P,G Cool, 4oC 24 Hrs.
Turbidity 100 P,G Cool, 4oC 7 days
Temperature 100 P, G Det. on site 24 Hrs.
Water Quality Parameters
and Methods of Analysis
Water Quality Parameters to be monitored
-depend on the the objectives of the water
quality monitoring program and the capabilities
of the analytical facilities and personnel
Methods of Analyses
-there are different basic references that may
specify methods and procedures of analyzing
samples. Basically, some methods and
procedure of analytical analysis could be found
in the PHIL. STD. METHODS FOR AIR AND
WATER ANALYSIS.
Significant Parameters for Selected Industries
TYPE OF INDUSTRY SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS
Beverage Industry BOD5, pH, Suspended Solids, Settleable
Solids, Oil and Grease
Cement, Concrete, pH, Suspended Solids, Dissolved Solids,
Temperature
Lime & Gypsum
Dairy Product BOD5, COD, pH, Suspended Solids,
Dissolved Solids, Settleable Solids
Processing
Distillery BOD5, COD, pH, Suspended Solids,
Settleable Solids, Temperature
Ferroalloy MFG. Suspended Solids, Chromium (hexavalent),
Oil and Grease, Phenols, Phosphates
(electric furnace with wet air
pollution control)
Significant Parameters for Selected Industries
TYPE OF INDUSTRY SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS
Fertilizer Industry Chloride, Chromium, Dissolved Solids,
Nitrate, Suspended Solids,
Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry pH, Phosphorus, Suspended Solids,
Phosphate Fertilizer Temperature, Cadmium, Arsenic

Flour & Starch BOD5, Suspended Solids, Temperature

Industry
Inorganic Chem’ls,
Alkalies and
Chlorine Industry
Leather Tanning &
Finishing Industry
pH, Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved
Solids, Chlorides, Sulfates, COD,
Temperature
BOD5, COD, Chromium, Oil and Grease,
pH, Suspended Solids, Color, Dissolved
Solids
Significant Parameters for Selected Industries
TYPE OF INDUSTRY SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS

Livestock Industry BOD5, COD, Total Suspended Solids, pH,

Color, Total Coliforms

Meat, Fish and Fruit BOD5, COD, Suspended Solids, pH, Oil &
Grease, Dissolved Solids
Canning
Meat Product BOD5, pH, Suspended Solids, Settleable
Solids, Oil & Grease, Total Coliforms,
Industry Toxic Material

Metal finishing Oil and Grease, Heavy Metals (Cr, Cd,

etc.) Suspended Solids, Cyanide
Industry
Significant Parameters for Selected Industries
TYPE OF INDUSTRY SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS

Mineral Ore Suspended Solids, Heavy

Processing (Mining Metals (Hg, CN, Cd, etc.,),
Industry) Arsenic

Organic Chemicals BOD5, COD, pH, Total Suspended Solids,

Total Dissolved Solids, Oil (Free-Floating)
Industry
Petroleum Refining BOD5, Heavy Metals, COD, Oil (Total),
pH, Phenols, Suspended Solids,
Industry Temperature, Total Dissolved Solids

Plastic Materials & BOD5, COD, pH, Total Suspended Solids,

Oil & Grease, Phenols
Synthetic Industry
Significant Parameters for Selected Industries
TYPE OF INDUSTRY SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS

Pulp & Paper BOD5, COD, pH, Total Suspended Solids,

E. Coli, Color, Heavy Metals, Dissolved
Industry Solids, Oil & Grease, Phenols

Steel Industry Oil & Grease, pH, CN, Phenol, Suspended

Solids, Temperature, Chromium

Sugar Cane BOD5, pH, Suspended Solids, Oil &

Grease
Processing Industry
Textile Finishing BOD5, COD, pH, Suspended Solids,
Chromium, Phenols, Color, Oil & Grease,
and Laundry Surfactants

Thermal Power BOD5, Color, Chromium, Oil & Grease,

pH, Phosphate, Suspended Solids,
Generation Temperature
Data Analyses and Reporting

This show how successful the monitoring

activities are in achieving the the
objectives of the water quality monitoring
program.
It provide decision-maker with information
that will be used for solving water quality
problems, assessing water quality and for
evaluating the program itself.
 Water Usage and
Classification
Classification Beneficial Use
 Class AA Public Water Supply Class I. Waters
having watersheds which are uninhabited,
which require only approved disinfection
in order to meet the National Standard for
Drinking Water (NSDW) of the
Philippines.

 Class A Public Water Supply Class II. Water

supply that will require complete
treatment (Coagulation, sedimentation,
filtration and disinfection) in order to meet
the NSDW.
Water Usage and
Classification
Classification Beneficial Use
Class B  Recreational Water Class I. Water for
primary contact recreation such as
bathing, swimming, skin diving, etc.
(particularly those designated for tourism
purposes)

Class C  Fishery Water for the propagation and

growth of fish and aquatic resources.
 Recreational water Class II (Boating, etc.)
 Industrial water supply Class I (For
manufacturing processes after treatment)
 Water Usage and
Classification
Classification Beneficial Use
 Class D  For Agriculture, irrigation, livestock
watering, etc.
 Industrial Water Supply Class II
(cooling, etc)
 Water Usage and
Classification
• Coastal and Marine Waters
Classification Beneficial Use
Class SA Waters suitable for propagation, survival and
harvesting of shellfish for commercial
purposes;
Tourist zones and national parks and reserves
established under Presidential proclamation
No. 1801; existing laws and/or declared as
such by appropriate government agency

Coral reef parks and reserves designated

by law and concerned authorities
 Water Usage and
Classification
Classification Beneficial Use
Class SB Recreational Water Class I ( Areas regularly
used by the Public for bathing, swimming,
skin diving, etc.);
Fishery water Class I ( Spawning areas for
chanos or “Bangus” and similar species

Class SC Recreational Water Class II (e.g. boating, etc.);

Fishery Water Class II (Commercial and

sustenance Fishing
Marshy and /or Mangrove areas declared as
fish and wildlife sanctuaries
 Water Usage and
Classification
Classification Beneficial Use

Class SD Industrial Water Supply Class II

(e.g. Cooling, etc.

Other Coastal and marine Waters,

by their quality, belong to this
classification
 WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Maximum Limits for the Protection of Public Health
Protecte Protecte Inland Inland Marine Marine
d Waters d Waters Waters Waters Waters Waters
Parameter Unit Category Category Class C Class D Class Class SD
I (Class II (Class SC & other
AA & SA A, B, & Coastal
SB waters
not
classified
Arsenic mg/L (b) 0.1 0.2 - 0.5 0.5
Cadmium mg/L (b) 0.02 0.05 - 0.1 0.2
Chromium mg/L (b) 0.05 0.1 - 0.2 0.5
(Hexa)
Cyanide mg/L (b) 0.1 0. - 0.2 -
Lead mg/L (b) 0.1 0.3 - 0.5 -
Mercury mg/L (b) 0.005 0.005 - 0.005 0.01
Total
 WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Maximum Limits for the Protection of Public Health
Protected Protected Inland Inland Marine Marine
Waters Waters Waters Waters Waters Waters
Parameter Unit Category I Category Class C Class D Class Class SD
(Class AA II (Class SC & other
& SA A, B, & Coastal
SB waters
not
classified
PCB mg/L (b) 0.003 0.003 - 0.003 -
Formaldeh mg/L (b) 2.0 1.0 - 2.0 -
yde

Color PCU (b) 100 150 - (c) (c)

Temperatu o
C (b) 3 3 3 3 3
re (max
rice)
pH (range) (b) 6.0-9.0 6.5-9.0 6.0-9.0 6.0-9.0 5.0-9.0
 WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Maximum Limits for the Protection of Public Health
Protecte Protecte Inland Inland Marine Marine
d Waters d Waters Waters Waters Waters Waters
Parameter Unit Category Category Class C Class D Class Class SD
I (Class II (Class SC & other
AA & SA A, B, & Coastal
SB waters
not
classified
COD mg/L (b) 60 150 200 200 200

Settleable mg/L (b) 0.3 0.5 - - -

Matter (1
Hr)
BOD5 mg/L (b) 3.0 80 120 100 120
@20oC
TSS mg/L (b) 50 90 150 150 (f)
 WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Maximum Limits for the Protection of Public Health
Protecte Protecte Inland Inland Marine Marine
d Waters d Waters Waters Waters Waters Waters
Parameter Unit Category Category Class C Class D Class Class SD
I (Class II (Class SC & other
AA & SA A, B, & Coastal
SB waters
not
classified
TDS mg/L (b) 1,000 - 1,500 - -
Oil & mg/L (b) 5.0 5.0 - 10 15
Grease
Phenols mg/L (b) 0.005 0.1 - 0.5 1.0
Surfactant mg/L (b) 2.0 5.0 - 10 -
s (MBAS)
Total MPN (b) 3,000 10,000 (J) - -
Coliforms /100
mL
Thank You !
and