BELLWORK

HOW MANY CELLS ARE CREATED BY

MITOSIS?
COMPARE THE DNA OF THE PARENT CELL
AND DAUGHTER CELLS
WHAT TYPE OF CELLS UNDERGO MITOSIS
MEIOSIS
THERE ARE 2 MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS OF CELLS IN
THE HUMAN BODY
1. SOMATIC CELLS – BODY CELLS; MANY DIFFERENT
SPECIALIZED TYPES (EX. KIDNEY, HEART, SKIN ETC)
2. GERM CELLS – IN REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS –
TESTES AND OVARIES; THESE CELLS DEVELOP INTO
GAMETES (SEX CELLS)
• GAMETES – SEX CELLS; 2 TYPES
1. OVA (EGGS); FEMALE SEX CELLS
2. SPERMATOZOA (SPERM); MALE SEX CELLS
• GAMETES CONTAIN ½ THE DNA AS ANY OTHER
TYPE OF CELL
• THIS IS THE DNA THAT IS PASSED ON TO
CHILDREN

• ALL SPECIES HAVE A UNIQUE NUMBER OF

CHROMOSOMES IN THEIR CELLS
• HUMAN BODY CELLS CONTAIN 46
CHROMOSOMES (23 PAIRS)
• OUR 46 CHROMOSOMES CONTAIN 23 PAIRS
• THIS MEANS THAT WE HAVE 2 SETS OF 23 CHROMOSOMES
• ONE CHROMOSOME FROM EACH PAIR COMES FROM
EACH PARENT
• EACH PAIR OF CHROMOSOMES IS CALLED A
HOMOLOGOUS PAIR
• HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS HOLD COPIES OF THE SAME GENES
• EX. WE HAVE TWO CHROMOSOME # 11 – THESE TWO
CHROMOSOMES ARE A HOMOLOGOUS PAIR.
• CHROMOSOME PAIRS 1-22 ARE CALLED AUTOSOMES
• CHROMOSOME 23 IS THE SEX CHROMOSOME PAIR
(XX – FEMALE/ XY – MALE)
• SEXUAL REPRODUCTION – FUSION OF TWO
GAMETES THAT RESULTS IN OFFSPRING THAT ARE
A GENETIC MIXTURE OF BOTH PARENTS
• FERTILIZATION – WHEN EGG AND SPERM FUSE
TOGETHER THEIR NUCLEI BECOME ONE
• THE NEW NUCLEUS MUST HAVE THE CORRECT
NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES
• EGG AND SPERM MUST HAVE HALF THE NUMBER
OF CHROMOSOMES - JUST ONE CHROMOSOMES
FROM EACH HOMOLOGOUS PAIR
 BELLWORK:

1.
MOSQUITO HAS 6 CHROMOSOMES. HOW MANY ARE IN A
MOSQUITO EGG?
2. A FRUIT FLY HAS 4 CHROM IN ITS SEX CELLS, HOW MANY IN ITS
BODY CELLS?
3. A KOALA’S DIPLOID NUMBER IS 16, WHAT IS ITS HAPLOID
NUMBER?
4. CARROTS HAVE 9 CHROM IN THEIR GAMETES, HOW MANY IN
SOMATIC CELLS?
5. PINEAPPLE’S DIPLOID NUMBER IS 50, HOW MANY CHROM IN
THEIR SEX CELLS?
6. THE HAPLOID CHROM # OF HERMIT CRABS IS 127, WHAT IS ITS
DIPLOID #?
• BODY CELLS AND GAMETES HAVE DIFFERENT
NUMBERS OF CHROMOSOMES
• BODY CELLS ARE DIPLOID (TWO COPIES OF EACH
CHROMOSOME) 2N
• IN HUMANS THE DIPLOID CHROMOSOME NUMBER
IS 46 (2N = 46)
• GAMETES ARE HAPLOID CELLS (ONE COPY OF
EACH CHROMOSOME) N
• IN HUMANS THE HAPLOID CHROMOSOME NUMBER
IS 23 (N = 23)
• MAINTAINING THE CORRECT NUMBER OF
CHROMOSOMES IS IMPORTANT FOR THE SURVIVAL
OF ORGANISMS
• A CHANGE IN THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES IS
USUALLY HARMFUL
• IN HUMANS IT IS USUALLY FATAL (WITH A FEW
EXCEPTIONS)
DOWN SYNDROME
TURNER SYNDROME
DOWN SYNDROME KARYOTYPE
• MEIOSIS – PROCESS THAT FORMS GAMETES INSIDE
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
• MEIOSIS OCCURS IN TESTES (MALES) AND OVARIES
(FEMALES)
• MEIOSIS DIVIDES DIPLOID CELLS INTO HAPLOID
CELLS
• KNOWN AS REDUCTION DIVISION BECAUSE IT
REDUCES CHROMOSOME NUMBER IN HALF
• BODY CELLS DO NOT UNDERGO MEIOSIS (THEY
CARRY OUT MITOSIS)
• MEIOSIS FORMS EGGS AND SPERM ONLY
CROSSING OVER – WHEN HOMOLOGOUS
CHROMOSOMES EXCHANGE SEGMENTS
DURING MEIOSIS – THIS INCREASES GENETIC
VARIATION IN OFFSPRING
UNDERSTANDING CHECK

HOW MANY CELLS ARE FORMED THROUGH

MEIOSIS?
IS THE DNA THE SAME OR DIFFERENT?
WHY/HOW?
WHY IS MEIOSIS CALLED “REDUCTION
DIVISION”?
• MITOSIS/MEIOSIS VIDEO
•
HTTPS://WWW.BING.COM/VIDEOS/SEARCH?Q=AMOEBA+SISTERS+MEIOSIS&Q
PVT=AMOEBA+SISTERS+MEIOSIS&VIEW=DETAIL&MID=058D409F2DB89EFB73
F3058D409F2DB89EFB73F3&&
FORM=VDRVRV
UNDERSTANDING CHECK
• ARE THE CELLS FORMED THROUGH
MEIOSIS IDENTICAL?
• WHY MUST THE CHROMOSOME # BE
CUT IN HALF BEFORE SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION?