This document discusses systems interaction and interfacing between pharmacists and computer systems. It describes how pharmacists primarily interact with software through user interfaces to perform tasks like programming infusion rates and extracting reports. Software can be simple programs for devices or complex applications for data entry, storage and retrieval. Modern systems use a three-tier architecture with a client tier for user interaction, an application tier containing software programs, and a database tier housing stored information. Key integration methods include pharmacy information storage systems, which automate and organize workflow, and generate medication administration records. Orders can be entered electronically or manually from various sources. Computerized systems allow for more legible, complete and timely delivery of orders to pharmacies compared to handwritten orders. The
This document discusses systems interaction and interfacing between pharmacists and computer systems. It describes how pharmacists primarily interact with software through user interfaces to perform tasks like programming infusion rates and extracting reports. Software can be simple programs for devices or complex applications for data entry, storage and retrieval. Modern systems use a three-tier architecture with a client tier for user interaction, an application tier containing software programs, and a database tier housing stored information. Key integration methods include pharmacy information storage systems, which automate and organize workflow, and generate medication administration records. Orders can be entered electronically or manually from various sources. Computerized systems allow for more legible, complete and timely delivery of orders to pharmacies compared to handwritten orders. The
This document discusses systems interaction and interfacing between pharmacists and computer systems. It describes how pharmacists primarily interact with software through user interfaces to perform tasks like programming infusion rates and extracting reports. Software can be simple programs for devices or complex applications for data entry, storage and retrieval. Modern systems use a three-tier architecture with a client tier for user interaction, an application tier containing software programs, and a database tier housing stored information. Key integration methods include pharmacy information storage systems, which automate and organize workflow, and generate medication administration records. Orders can be entered electronically or manually from various sources. Computerized systems allow for more legible, complete and timely delivery of orders to pharmacies compared to handwritten orders. The
There are many different types of softwares used in health care information Software Can be a simple, unchangeable system programs solely designed to operate a piece of equipment or medical device Or it can be a complex application designed for data, entry, storage and retrieval of information Key Points The primary interaction hospital pharmacists have with software is directing the latter to perform various tasks via the user interface on the dispensing screen of the computer and device Examples of interactions Programming Infusion Rates Entering Orders Entering Compounding Volumes Extracting Reports from Various equipment, devices and system Pharmacy Information System Computerized Prescriber Order Entry System (CPOE) Access to and Use of Information One of the most important aspects of any information system is the benefit it provides an organization in terms of accurate and efficient information storage and retrieval Three TIERS of modern software systems Client Tier the user interacts with the system Application Tier the software stored in the local machine Database Tier contains the database tables where information is stored as a result of user input into the applications user interface Integrating Information System with Work Activities Methods of Integrating Information System into existing Pharmacy Processes 1. Pharmacy Information Storage (PIS) Most widely used Backbone of Pharmacy work activities Automates and organizes the daily workflow in coordinating its many clinical functions PIS databases allow the pharmacy department to sort and perform work activities in batches based upon Patient location Types of meds Anticipated administration time Integrating Information System with Work Activities PIS-Generated Medication Administration Records (MARs) Helps nurse organize activities related to medication administration Provides nurses with sufficient information to safely and accurately administer medications to patients according to the time schedule desired by the prescriber Integrating Information System with Work Activities The Pharmacy department is the recipient of a large proportion of physician orders. Pharmacy orders can be: a. Handwritten or electronic b. Individual or grouped c. Entered by physicians or physician’s agent d. Delivered manually, via fax machine, thru document imaging technology Integrating Information System with Work Activities • Once orders are delivered to the Pharmacy, it is the pharmacist’s responsibility to: • Ensure that the orders are reviewed for the appropriateness of therapy • Accurately placed on the patient’s electronic profile in the PIS Computerized prescriber-entered orders that are delivered to the pharmacy via printer or electronic interface to a PIS are more likely to be legible, complete and delivered in a timely manner when compared to handwritten orders Information Security and Confidentiality Information Security A reasonable protection from risk of loss, risk of inappropriate access or doubt regarding the authenticity of the information Data Security Concerns A. Confidentiality ensures that the data is readable only to the intended recipients B. Authentication provides protection against unauthorized access or forgeries C. Non repudiation ensures that someone cannot deny having conducted a transaction Information Security and Confidentiality Vulnerabilities and Threats to Information Security Internal failures of hardware or software Human errors Deliberate attacks on information security Natural catastrophes
Pharmacists responsible for informatics must ensure that
security design in all information systems Supports prevention Detect and correct vulnerabilities to threats Information Security and Confidentiality Approaches to Securing Information 1. Ensure that the physical location where servers are stored has been secured 2. Access to a network should be limited to those who need it and control must be exercised by a combination of security methods Passwords ubiquitous in computer systems but do not provide a positive identification Biometrics Fingerprint recognition; Retinal Scanning more positive authentication of the individual Thank You!!!! Take Home Exam (Final Exam) 1. Describe the different methods by which orders can be created and transmitted to the pharmacy department.
2. Contrast the advantages and disadvantages of
integration using an “”all-in-one” integrated CPOE/Pharmacy Information system versus use of an interfaced system.
3. Explain the rationale for coding information in CPOE
systems where the use of clinical decision support will be used. Short Bond Paper Cite Sources Deadline: March 24, 2014 Tuesday, 4PM