IQBAL’S VISION OF

PAKISTAN

 A PHILOSOPHICAL AND POLITICAL

STUDY
 A PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY
 HIS VISIT TO EUROPE WAS A TURNING POINT
OF HIS THOUGHTS
• IQBAL IN THE EARLY YEARS OF HIS LIFE STOOD FOR COMPOSITE INDIAN
NATIONALISM. HIS URDU POETRY BEFORE 1906 AND SPECIFICALLY POEMS SUCH
AS ‘THE NEW TEMPLE’ AND ‘THE INDIAN ANTHEM’ BEAR AMPLE TESTIMONY TO
THIS FACT. HIS VISIT TO EUROPE WAS A TURNING POINT AND HIS THOUGHTS
ALTERED FROM COMPOSITE INDIAN NATIONALISM TO MUSLIM NATIONALISM.
IQBAL VISITED EUROPE IN 1905 AND RETURNED TO INDIA IN 1908. DURING THIS
PERIOD IQBAL ACQUIRED LAW DEGREE AT LINCOLN’S INN, A BACHELOR OF ARTS
AT CAMBRIDGE AND A DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT MUNICH UNIVERSITY.
 IQBAL CONCEPT OF MUSLIM NATIONALISM

• AFTER HIS RETURN TO EUROPE IQBAL’S ABANDONED THE CONCEPT OF

COMPOSITE INDIAN NATIONALISM AND ADOPTED MUSLIM NATIONALISM. HE
ALSO CARVED OUT HIS VIEWS ON ISLAMIC UNIVERSALISM. HE BELIEVED THAT
EUROPEAN CONCEPT OF NATIONALISM CANNOT BE APPLIED TO INDIA. HE
ASSERTED THAT ACCORDING TO EUROPEAN NOTION INDIA IS NOT A LAND WITH
ONE NATION. BECAUSE TWO MAJOR COMMUNITIES LIVING IN INDIA I.E. HINDUS
AND MUSLIMS DO NOT SHARE COMMON LANGUAGE, COMMON CULTURE,
COMMON HISTORY WHICH IS THE BASIS OF NATIONALISM. RATHER MUSLIMS
POSSES SEPARATE IDENTITY WITH THEIR OWN RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL
VALUES. THESE VIEWS WERE EXPRESSED IN HIS POEM ‘THE ANTHEM OF THE
ISLAMIC COMMUNITY
THE ANTHEM OF THE ISLAMIC COMMUNITY

• CENTRAL ASIA  IS OURS, ARABIA IS OURS, INDIA IS OURS

• WE ARE MUSLIMS AND THE WHOLE WORLD IS OURS
• THE TREASURE OF TAWHID IS IN OUR HEARTS,
• IT IS NOT EASY TO WIPE OUT OUR NAME AND MARK.
• THE FIRST HOUSE WE HAVE LIBERATED FROM IDOLS IS THE KA'ABAH;
• WE ARE ITS CUSTODIANS, AND IT IS OUR PROTECTOR
• WE HAVE GROWN UP IN THE SHADOWS OF SWORDS,
• OUR MASCOT IS THE CRESCENT SHAPED DAGGER
• OUR PRAYER CALLS HAVE REVERBERATED IN THE VALLEYS OF THE WEST,
• THE FORCE OF OUR FLOW COULD NOT BE STOPPED BY ANYONE
• O THE SKIES! WE WILL NOT BE SUBDUED BY FALSEHOOD,
• YOU HAVE TRIED (OUR STEADFASTENESS) A HUNDRED TIMES!
O, THE GARDEN OF ANDALUSIA! DO YOU REMEMBER THOSE DAYS -
WHEN OUR ABODE WAS THE NEST ON YOUR BRANCHES
O, THE WAVES OF TIGRIS! SURELY, YOU RECOGNIZE US -
YOUR RIVER TELLS OUR TALES EVEN TO THIS DAY
O, THE PURE SOIL OF MAKKAH ! WE HAVE BLED AND DIED FOR YOUR HONOR,
OUR BLOOD FLOWS IN YOUR VEINS UNTIL NOW
THE LEADER OF OUR CARAVAN, IS THE PRINCE OF HIJAZ (MUHAMMAD )
IT IS HIS NAME THAT KEEPS OUR HEART IN COMFORT AND PEACE.
IQBAL'S SONG IS A CLARION CALL
FOR THE CARAVAN TO RISE AND CONTINUE THE JOURNEY ONCE MORE
‫مسلم ہیں ہم‪ ،‬وطن ہے سارا جہاں ہمارا‬ ‫چین و عرب ہمارا‪ ،‬ہندوستان ہمارا‬

‫آساں نہیں مٹانا‪ ،‬نام و نشاں ہمارا‬ ‫توحید کی امانت‪ ،‬سینوں میں ہے ہمارے‬

‫ہم اس کے پاسباں ہیں‪ ،‬وہ پاسباں ہمارا‬ ‫دنیا کے بتکدوں میں‪ ،‬پہال وہ گھر خدا کا‬

‫خنجر ہالل کا ہے‪ ،‬قومی نشاں ہمارا‬ ‫تیغوں کے سایے میں ہم‪ ،‬پل کر جواں ہوئے ہیں‬

‫سیلرواں ہمارا‬
‫ِ‬ ‫تھمتا نہ تھا کسی سے‪،‬‬ ‫مغرب کی وادیوں میں‪ ،‬گونجی اذاں ہماری‬

‫سو بار کر چکا ہے‪ ،‬تو امتحاں ہمارا‬ ‫باطل سے دبنے والے‪ ،‬اے آسماں نہیں ہم‬

‫تھا تیری ڈالیوں میں‪ ،‬جب آشیاں ہمارا‬ ‫گلستاناندل ُس! وہ دن ہیں یاد تجھ کو‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اے‬

‫اب تک ہے تیرا دریا‪ ،‬افسانہ خواں ہمارا‬ ‫موجدجلہ‪ ،‬تو بھی پہچانتی ہے ہم کو‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اے‬

‫ہے خوں تری رگوں میں‪ ،‬اب تک رواں ہمارا‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ارضپاک تیری‪ ،‬حرمت پہ کٹ مرے ہم‬ ‫اے‬

‫اس نام سے ہے باقی‪ ،‬آرا ِم جاں ہمارا‬ ‫میر حجاز اپنا‬

‫ساالر کارواں ہے‪ِ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫ہوتا ہے جادہ پیما‪ ،‬پھر کارواں ہمارا‬ ‫ِ‬

‫بانگدرا ہے گویا‬ ‫اقباؔل کا ترانہ‪،‬‬
 IQBAL REASONED THAT MISSION OF ISLAM
WAS TO DEMOLISH IDOLATRY
• TO IQBAL TERRITORIAL NATIONALISM AND ISLAM WERE CONTRADICTORY AND IRRECONCILABLE.
IQBAL REASONED THAT MISSION OF ISLAM WAS TO DEMOLISH IDOLATRY, IT COULD NOT APPROVE
OF PATRIOTISM (BORN OUT OF NATIONALISM), WHICH WAS NOTHING BUT “A SUBTLE FORM OF
IDOLATRY” HE WROTE A POEM ‘TERRITORIAL NATIONALISM 'AND IN ONE ITS COUPLET SAID:
• COUNTRY IS THE SUPREME AMONG ALL THE CONTEMPORARY IDOLS.
• ITS CLOAK IS THE SHROUD OF ISLAM.
• TERRITORIAL NATIONALISM CREATES DIVISION IN THE MUSLIMS COMMUNITY. HE SAID THAT:
• GOD’S CREATION IS DIVIDED INTO NATIONS BY TERRITORIAL NATIONALISM.
• THE ROOTS OF ISLAMIC NATIONALITY ARE DESTROYED BY IT.
IQBAL’S VISION OF PAKISTAN :A POLITICAL
STUDY
 KEY POINTS

• ENTER IN POLITICS FOR THE INTEREST OF MUSLIMS IN INDIA

• IQBAL CONCEPT OF “KHUDI” OR SELF
• TWO NATION THEORY
• IQBAL’S MAIN CONCERN :MUSLIMS RIGHTS
• ALLAHBAD ADDRESS
• PARTICIPATING IN SECOND AND THIRD LONDON ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
• IQBAL CONVINCED JINNAH
• GOLDEN WORD OF JINNAH FOR IQBAL
 IQBAL ENTERED IN POLITICS

• IQBAL STARTED HIS POLITICAL CAREER DURING HIS STAY AT LONDON.

 HE WAS ELECTED TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BRITISH LEAGUE
• IN 1926 HE WAS ELECTED IN PUNJAB IMPERIAL LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL (PILC)
 TWO NATION THEORY

• IN 1930 IQBAL CLEARLY DISCUSS THE SEPARATE IDENTITY OF MUSLIMS IN INDIA

• ISLAM: AS A CODE OF CONDUCT
• MUSLIMS ARE SEPARATE NATION

MAIN REASON
IN IQBAL’S VIEW :
THE COMMUNALISM IS THE HIGHER SENSE, IS INDISPENSABLE
TO THE FORMATION OF HARMONIOUS WHOLE IN INDIA.
 IQBAL’S MAIN CONCERN :MUSLIMS RIGHTS

VARIOUS PROPOSALS FOR THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC UPLIFT OF HIS PEOPLE

1) IMPROVEMENT IN THE ECONOMY OF PUNJAB
2) GRANTS-IN-AID TO THE POOR
3) TRANSFER OF TAXING AUTHORITY TO THE PROVINCES
4) GRANT-IN-AID TO MUSLIM EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
5) BAN ON DEFAMATORY STATEMENTS AGAINST THE FOUNDERS OF RELIGIOUS
 ALLAHBAD ADDRESS

• IN IQBAL’S ALLAHABAD ADDRESS HE SAID THAT MUSLIMS OF INDIA HAVE A

SEPARATE IDENTITY
HE ALSO SAID
“I WOULD LIKE TO SEE THE PUNJAB ,NORTH-WEST FRONTIER PROVINCE, SINDH
AND BALUCHISTAN AMALGAMATED INTO A SINGLE STATE .SELF GOVERNMENT
WITHIN OR WITHOUT BRITISH EMPIRE, THE FORMATION OF A CONSOLIDATED
NORTH-WEST INDIAN MUSLIM STATE APPEARS TO ME TO BE THE FINAL DESTINY
OF THE MUSLIMS , AT LEAST OF NORTH-WEST INDIA.
 PARTICIPATING IN SECOND AND THIRD
LONDON ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE

• IN SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE IQBAL SHOWED DISAGREEMENT DUE

TO THE REGULAR DELAY OF THE CONSTITUTION HAVING SELF-DETERMINATION
RIGHTS FOR THE MUSLIMS.
• IN THIRD ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE IQBAL PRESENTED HIS SOLUTION TO
COMMUNAL PROBLEM I.E THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MUSLIMS IN NORTHWEST
INDIA.
CONCLUSION
FROM MUSLIM POINT OF VIEW THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES WERE
TOTALLY FRUITLESS
 IQBAL CONVINCED JINNAH

• IQBAL WORKED TO CONVINCE JINNAH TO RETURN TO INDIA AND WORKED FOR

THE MUSLIMS OF INDIA .HE WROTE TO JINNAH
IN WHICH HE SAID THAT JINNAH WAS THE ONLY ,MUSLIM IN INDIA WHOM THE
COMMUNITY HAS RIGHT TO LOOK UP FOR SAFE GUIDANCE THROUGH THE
STORM IN WHICH COMING TO
NORTH –WEST INDIA.
JINNAH ALSO GOT THE CLEAR CONCEPTION OF IQBAL THOUGHTS
AND RETURNED TO INDIA WITH NEW SPIRIT AND WORKED FOR MUSLIMS.
JINNAH OFFERED A SOLUTION FOR MUSLIMS ON 22 MARCH 1940 THAT
WAS TO SECURE THEM FREEDOM INTO A SEPARATE MUSLIM STATE.
THE MUSLIM LEAGUE ADOPTED ON 24 MARCH RESOLVED .
 GOLDEN WORDS OF JINNAH FOR IQBAL

IQBAL’S CONCEPT OF A SEPARATE HOMELAND SERVED AS A FOUNDATION OF

POLITICAL DEMAND FOR PAKISTAN IN 1940.THIS IS ALSO FIRMED BY JINNAH IN
THOSE WORDS
“IQBAL IS NO MORE BETWEEN US ,BUT HAD HE BEEN ALIVE HE WOULD HAVE
BEEN HAPPY TO KNOW THAT WE DID EXACTLY WHAT HE WANTED US TO DO”