PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR

PIPELINE RISK ASSESSMENT

INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

Description
“HAZID is a structured, team based approach to identify

hazards, their potential consequences, and requirements for

risk reduction”
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

• What is the purpose of HAZID?

-For the defined system, identify relevant hazards and their causes and potential consequences

-Document any existing safeguards (i.e. preventing the hazard and/or consequences from the hazard)

-Assess the risk (i.e. assess the probability/frequency and consequences) associated with the identified hazards

-Make recommendations and assign actions to eliminate, prevent, control or mitigate the identified hazards
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

• Difference between risk and hazard?

• Risk could be described as the exposure to a hazard

• Hazard – any event/object that could cause harm

• Hazard – a crocodile / Risk – exposed to a crocodile

• More academic importance

INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

• Team-based workshop

-HAZID chairman

-HAZID scribe

-Participants

• Different responsibilities within the HAZID team

• Composition and size of the team depending on the

situation (e.g. complexity)

• Preferable smaller group (i.e. less than 10)

INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

• Participants appropriate knowledge and experience (i.e.

experts for the different parts of the system)

• Participants appropriate knowledge and experience (e.g.

operational personnel)

-Maintenance

-Safety

-Process

• Stakeholders (e.g. contractor, consultant, client and

authorities)
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

• Structured – use of guidewords (established before the

workshop)

• Specific guidewords for the situation and system

(combination of guidelines, company specific and

experience)

• Purpose of assisting in the identification or hazards

EXAMPLE OF HAZID

Threat/Hazard Cause Consequence Existing safeguard

Internal corrosion
EXAMPLE OF HAZID

Threat/Hazard Cause Consequence Existing safeguard

Internal corrosion Impurities in the gas

(O2, H2S, CO2, or
chlorides)

Impurities in the gas

(H2O)
EXAMPLE OF HAZID

Threat/Hazard Cause Consequence Existing safeguard

Internal corrosion Impurities in the gas Primary – decreased wall

(O2, H2S, CO2, or thickness
chlorides)
Secondary - weakening of
Impurities in the gas pipeline causing leakage of gas
(H2O)
EXAMPLE OF HAZID

Threat/Hazard Cause Consequence Existing safeguard

Internal corrosion Impurities in the gas Primary – decreased wall Internal inspection (pigging) every 5th year
(O2, H2S, CO2, or thickness
chlorides)
Secondary - weakening of
Impurities in the gas pipeline causing leakage of gas
(H2O)
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

• Difficulties in determine what is actually the hazard, the cause and the consequence

-The hazard (i.e. leak of hydrocarbon from a pipeline system)

-The cause of an event (i.e. corrosion which causes a leakage from the pipeline)

-The resulting consequence of an event (i.e. fire after ignition of the leakage from the pipeline)

-The hazard (i.e. corrosion which causes a leakage from the pipeline)

-The cause of an event (i.e. damaged corrosion protection on the pipeline)

-The resulting consequence of an event (i.e. leak of hydrocarbon from a pipeline system)

• Confusion (i.e. incorrect use – academic importance)

• Consistency – use the same approach throughout the HAZID!

EXAMPLE OF HAZID

Threat/Hazard Cause Consequence Existing safeguard

Delayed lunch
EXAMPLE OF HAZID

Threat/Hazard Cause Consequence Existing safeguard

Delayed lunch Presentation taking too

long time (speaker
being too slow or
having too much to
say)
EXAMPLE OF HAZID

Threat/Hazard Cause Consequence Existing safeguard

Delayed lunch Presentation taking too Primary – loss of focus

long time (speaker (possible falling asleep)
being too slow or
having too much to Secondary – increasing loss of
say) temper (possible outburst)
EXAMPLE OF HAZID

Threat/Hazard Cause Consequence Existing safeguard

Delayed lunch Presentation taking too Primary – loss of focus Offer the participants some fresh fruit and a
long time (speaker (possible falling asleep) new cup of coffee
being too slow or
having too much to Secondary – increasing loss of Operating procedures (presentation kept
say) temper (possible outburst) within assigned time)
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

• What is the purpose of HAZID?

-For the defined system, identify relevant hazards and their causes and potential consequences

-Document any existing safeguards (i.e. preventing the hazard and/or consequences from the hazard)

-Assess the risk (i.e. assess the probability/frequency and consequences) associated with the identified hazards

-Make recommendations and assign actions to eliminate, prevent, control or mitigate the identified hazards
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

• Sometimes a HAZID only include the risk identification (i.e. where hazards and their causes and consequences are

identified)

• Most of them time a HAZID also include a qualitative risk assessment (i.e. where the probability/frequency and

consequences for the identified hazards are assessed)

• Assessment carried out with the support from a risk matrix

EXAMPLE OF HAZID
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

• A number of actions to eliminate, prevent, control or mitigate the hazards are assigned at the workshop

-Additional information

-Inspections

-Detailed studies

-Detailed calculations

-Changes in the design

• Based on the close-out of these actions (and possible implementation) an updated risk assessment (residual risk)

• Carried out weeks or months after the workshop

EXAMPLE OF HAZID
EXAMPLE OF HAZID
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

• The hazards are recorded in the HAZID sheet

• The actions are recorded in action sheets

• The workshop is presented in the HAZID report

-Presentation of the HAZID sheet (i.e. the information established at the workshop)

-Presentation of the action sheets

-Information on the workshop (e.g. participants, guidewords and methodology)

• Updated based on the close-out of actions and updated risk assessment (residual risk)
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

Advantages of HAZID

• Flexibility (e.g. concept – high-level hazards / detailed

design – detailed hazards)

• Flexibility (e.g. could be used to analyse one concept or

compare two different concepts)

• Thorough (i.e. systematic approach)

• Well documented (e.g. easy to keep track on

information)
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

Disadvantages of HAZID

• Information (i.e. strongly depending on the information

available)

• HAZID team (i.e. depending on the expertise and

experience within the team)

• Close-out of actions (i.e. depending on the commitment

from management)

• Effectiveness (i.e. only effective if the hazards identified

are resolved and appropriate actions implemented)

INTRODUCTION TO HAZID

• Round-around the table (i.e. speak up your strongest

concerns regarding possible hazards) before going into

the guidewords

• Gathering experts for the different parts of the system

often leads to discussion of things which might not

actually be a hazard (more cross-disciplinary problems)

– keep focus on the hazards!

• Spend some time defining the actual system (e.g.

boundaries and project phase)

QUESTIONS?