Professional Documents
Culture Documents
WCDMA Radio Theory: ZTE University TD&W&PCS BSS Course Team
WCDMA Radio Theory: ZTE University TD&W&PCS BSS Course Team
WCDMA Radio Theory: ZTE University TD&W&PCS BSS Course Team
ZTE University
Multi Access
Channel Coding
Interleave Technology
e propagation path
Fast fading : Electromagnetic signals rapidly decline in a few dozens wa
velength ranges
Interference dithering
0 2 3 +
Sending signal Accepting signal Sending signal Accepting signal
delay fading
-25dB
0dB
0 +
Sending signal Accepting signal Sending signal Accepting signal
Frequency
Frequency off-set
off-setcaused
causedbybythe
themovement
movementof mobile ,
ofmobile ,tha
tha
ttis
isDoppler
Dopplereffect
effect
Radio propagation charactistics
Multi-Path Effects
sending signal
strength
receiving signal
0 time
Content
Multi Access
Channel Coding
Interleave Technology
Multiple Access
Frequency
Frequencydivision
divisionmultiple
multipleaccess
access FDMA
technology
technology
Channels
Channelsin indifferent
differentfrequency
frequencyare
are Power
allocated to different users, e.g.
allocated to different users, e.g. y
enc
TACS、
TACS AMPS。
、AMPS Ti m u
。 eq
e Fr
Time
Timedivision
divisionmultiple
multipleaccess
access TDMA
technology
technology
channels
channelsin indifferent
differenttime
timeare
areallocated
allocatedto
to Power
different users, e.g. GSM 、 DAMPS
different users, e.g. GSM 、 DAMPS 。 。 y
e nc
Tim qu
e Fre
Code
Codedivision
divisionmultiple
multipleaccess
access
technology CDMA
technology
Users
Usersdistinguished
distinguishedby
byscramble
scramblecode,
code,e.g.
e.g. Power
CDMA
CDMA
n cy
Tim ue
eq
e Fr
Content
Multi Access
Channel Coding
Interleave Technology
Wideband
Signal
Slow Slow
Information Information
Sent Recovered
TX RX
Fast Fast
Spreading Spreading
Sequence Sequence
Spreading technology
S(f) S(f)
signal
signal
f0 f0 f
f
Before spreading After spreading
S(f) S(f)
f0 f f0 f
After despreading
Before despreading
Spreading Mode
High security
Complex realization
Content
Multi Access
Channel Coding
Interleave Technology
purpose:
By adding redundant information in the original data stream,
receivers can detect and correct the error signal, and improve
data transmission rates.
Error-correcting ability obtains by adding redundancy in the o
riginal data
dely applied.
Increase redundancy and transmission time
Multi Access
Channel Coding
Interleave Technology
continuous errors
Advance the correcting validity
disadvantage :
Increase the processing delay
he unexpected error .
e.g.
x1 x6 x11 x16 x21
x2 x7 … x22
WTS???
Decoding W??CDDMMAA Deinterleaving
? ? ?CUP
T ? ?URRBBOO
DREDRE
S ? ?PEEAA KK MBAMBA
AOKAOK
Content
RF Transmission
Despreading&
Demodulation RF Receiving
Descrambling
Convolutional Code
Input
D D D D D D D D
Output 0
G0 = 557 (octal)
Output 1
G1 = 663 (octal)
Output 2
G2 = 711 (octal)
Rate 1/3 convolutional coder
WCDMA wireless technology
Easy decode
Short delay
Turbo Code
Used in Data service channel
Code Rate is 1/3
Can be implemented in the transmission for large block and long delay services
Turbo coding structure is based on two or more weak error control code combinations.
The information bits are interleaved in the two Encoder, and generate two information
flow. At last, this information can be multiplexed and punctured
Decoding needs cycle iterative calculation
input
Multiplex
Encoder 1 output
Interleaver
Encoder 2
WCDMA wireless technology
Complex decoding
Use the LOG-MAP arithmetic
Channel bit error rate is 10 - 6 magnitude
Very suitable to non-realtime package service which is BER sens
itive & delay insensitive ,
e.g. WWW, FTP, E_mail , multimedia transmission .
WCDMA wireless technology
Intra-frame interleave
Bits transform in the internal frame
Inter-frame interleave
Data transform among the frames
RF Transmission
Despreading&
Descrambling Demodulation RF Receiving
Spreading of WCDMA
Chip after
Data bit Spreading
Symbol
Symbol rate
rate ×× SF
SF == 3.84Mcps
3.84Mcps
WCDMA,
WCDMA ,SF
SF of of uplink
uplink channelized code:
channelized code :4~256
4~256
SF
SF ofof downlink
downlink channelized
channelized code:4~512
code:4~512
OVSF:
OVSF: Orthogonal
Orthogonal Variable
Variable Spreading
Spreading Factor
Factor
WCDMA wireless technology
Despreading of WCDMA
Method of despreading
Input signal
Output after despreading
Ts
(*)dt
0
integral
Local PN code
WCDMA wireless technology
1
Data = -1
010010
Chip
Spreading code = Spreading
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1
( SF = 8 ) -1
Spread signal 1
= Data × code -1
Despreading
Spreading code 1
-1
Data =
Spread signal
1
×
-1
Spread code
WCDMA wireless technology
Code1 +1-1+1+1-1+1-1-1
Code2 -1+1+1-1-1+1+1-1
Orthogonal—
Mul -1-1+1-1+1+1-1+1
the result of multiplying and sum is 0
Sum 0
Orthogonal
Code1 +1-1+1-1-1+1-1-1
Code2 +1+1-1+1-1-1+1-1
Mul +1-1-1-1+1-1-1+1
Sum -2
Non-orthogonal
WCDMA wireless technology
Scrambling code:
Scrambling codes are used after spreading, which will not
Channelization Code
SF=8
SF=16
SF=32
WCDMA wireless technology
Example
Idle
Allocated
SF= 8 0 0
` Blocked
SF=16 ` 0 1 ` 0 1
SF=32 ` 0 1 ` 2 3 ` 0 1 ` 2 3
SF=64 ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(a) (b)
SF= 8 0 0
SF=16 ` 0 1 ` 0 1
SF=32 ` 0 1 ` 2 3 ` 0 1 ` 2 3
SF=64 ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(c) (d)
WCDMA wireless technology
Scrambling code
Chip after
Data bit Spreading
There are 224 Uplink Scrambling Codes, they are used to distinguish differe
nt users in one cell.
Uplink Scrambling codes include long scrambling codes and short scramblin
g codes. The Short Scrambling codes are used for multi-user detecting
There are 218-1 Downlink Scrambling Codes, used to distinguish different c
ells
Scrambling codes in common use are 0 , 1 ,……, 8191 , they are divided into 5
12 aggregations , each aggregation has 1primary scrambling code and 15 seco
ndary scrambling codes.
512 primary scrambling codes can be divided into 64 scrambling code groups ,th
ere is 8 primary scrambling in each group.
WCDMA wireless technology
RF Transmission
Despreading&
Descrambling Demodulation RF Receiving
WCDMA Modulation
UL: BPSK
DL:QPSK ( HSDPA introduce 16QAM )
Exercise
multiple access technolog include ?
pls describe the channel coding purpose and interleaving techn
ology purpose.
WCDMA adopts( ) and( )channel coding technology. the
coding rate is( ) ( )
the spreading code of WCDMA is ( ), the sf of ul channelize c
ode is ( ), and the dl is ( )
There are ( ) Uplink Scrambling Codes, they are used to disti
nguish different( ) in one cell.
There are ( ) Downlink Scrambling Codes, used to distinguis
h( )
WCDMA modulation technology include ( ) and ( )