(Aptitude & Reasoning)

Mensuration
Formulae:
1. Rectangle - Area = lb: Perimeter = 2(l+b)
2. Square- Area = a×a: Perimeter = 4a
3. Parallelogram- Area = l × h: Perimeter = 2(l+b)
4. Triangle - Area =b×h/2 
5. Right angle Triangle-Area =1/2(bh):Perimeter = b+h+d
6. Isosceles Right Angle Triangle-Area = 1/2. a2:Perimeter =
2a+d
7. Trapezium- Area = 1/2h(a+b):Perimeter = Sum of all sides
8. Rhombus - Area = d1 × d2/2: Perimeter = 4l
9. Quadrilateral
The area of a quadrilateral = ½ × (product of diagonals) ×
(sine of the angle between them).
10. Kite-Area = d1×d2/2
Perimeter = 2 × Sum of non-adjacent sides
PROBLEMS:

1. What is the area of an equilateral triangle of side 16 cm?

A. 48√3 cm2
B. 128√3 cm2
C. 9.6√3 cm2
D. 64√3 cm2

2. If the sides of a triangle are 26 cm, 24 cm and 10 cm, what is its area?
A. 120 cm2
B. 130 cm2
C. 312 cm2
D. 315 cm2
PROBLEMS:

3. The perimeter of a triangle is 28 cm and the inradius of the triangle is

2.5 cm. What is the area of the triangle?A. 35 cm2
B. 42 cm2
C. 49 cm2
D. 70 cm2

4. Find the area of trapezium whose parallel sides are 20 cm and 18 cm

long, and the distance between them is 15 cm.A. 225 cm2
B. 275 cm2
C. 285 cm2
D. 315 cm2
PROBLEMS:
5. Find the area of a parallelogram with base 24 cm and height 16
cm.A. 262 cm2
B. 384 cm2
C. 192 cm2
D. 131 cm2

6. The ratio of the length and the breadth of a rectangle is 4 : 3 and the
area of the rectangle is 6912 sq cm. Find the ratio of the breadth and
the area of the rectangle?
A. 1 : 96
B. 1 : 48
C. 1 : 84
D. 1 : 68
7. The length of a rectangular plot is thrice its breadth. If the area of the
rectangular plot is 867 sq m, then what is the breadth of the rectangular
plot?A. 8.5 m
B. 17 m
C. 34 m
D. 51 m
8. The length of a rectangular floor is more than its breadth by 200%. If Rs. 324 is
required to paint the floor at the rate of Rs. 3 per sq m, then what would be the
length of the floor?
A. 27 m
B. 24 m
C. 18 m
D. 21 m
9. An order was placed for the supply of a carpet whose breadth was 6 m and
length was 1.44 times the breadth. What be the cost of a carpet whose length
and breadth are 40% more and 25% more respectively than the first carpet.
Given that the ratio of carpet is Rs. 45 per sq m?
A. Rs. 3642.40
B. Rs. 3868.80
C. Rs. 4216.20
D. Rs. 4082.40
10. The length of the floor if a rectangle hall is 10 m more
than its breadth. If 34 carpets of size 6 × 4m are required to
cover the floor of the hall, then find the length and breadth
of the hall.
A. 24, 24m         B. 34, 24m         C. 22, 32m            D. 24,
34m
11. Q. Find the volume and the surface area of the sphere of
radius 6.3cm.
12. The area of a trapezium shaped field is 480 m2, the distance between
two parallel sides is 15 m and one of the parallel side is 20 m. Find the
other parallel side.
13. The area of a rhombus is 240 cm2 and one of the diagonals is 16 cm.
Find the other diagonal.
14. Find the area of a rhombus whose side is 5 cm and whose altitude is
4.8 cm. If one of its diagonals is 8 cm long, find the length of the other
diagonal.
15. The floor of a building consists of 3000 tiles which are rhombus
shaped and each of its diagonals are 45 cm and 30 cm in length. Find
the total cost of polishing the floor, if the cost per m2 is ` 4.
Explanation

1. Explanation:
Area of an equilateral triangle = √3/4 S2 
If S = 16, Area of triangle = √3/4 * 16 * 16 = 64√3 cm2;

2. The triangle with sides 26 cm, 24 cm and 10 cm is right angled, where

the hypotenuse is 26 cm.
Area of the triangle = 1/2 * 24 * 10 = 120 cm2

3. Area of a triangle = r * s
Where r is the inradius and s is the semi perimeter of the triangle.
Area of triangle = 2.5 * 28/2 = 35 cm2
Explanation

4. Area of a trapezium = 1/2 (sum of parallel sides) * (perpendicular

distance between them) = 1/2 (20 + 18) * (15) = 285 cm2
5. Area of a parallelogram = base * height = 24 * 16 = 384 cm2
6. Let the length and the breadth of the rectangle be 4x cm and 3x
respectively.
(4x)(3x) = 6912
12x2 = 6912 
x2 = 576 = 4 * 144 = 22 * 122 (x > 0)
=> x = 2 * 12 = 24
Ratio of the breadth and the areas = 3x : 12x2 = 1 : 4x = 1: 96.
7.Let the breadth of the plot be b m.
Length of the plot = 3 b m
(3b)(b) = 867
3b2 = 867 
b2 = 289 = 172 (b > 0)
b = 17 m.

8. Let the length and the breadth of the floor be l m and b m respectively.
l = b + 200% of b = l + 2b = 3b
Area of the floor = 324/3 = 108 sq m
l b = 108 i.e., l * l/3 = 108
l2 = 324 => l = 18.
9. Length of the first carpet = (1.44)(6) = 8.64 cm
Area of the second carpet = 8.64(1 + 40/100) 6 (1 + 25/100)
= 51.84(1.4)(5/4) sq m = (12.96)(7) sq m
Cost of the second carpet = (45)(12.96 * 7) = 315 (13 - 0.04) = 4095 - 12.6
= Rs. 4082.40
10. Let breadth = b then length = b + 10m.
Floor area of the rectangle hall = A = length × breadth = b × (b + 10)
Also area of each carpet = 6 × 4m and 34 pieces are required to cover the
floor
Therefore area of hall = 34 × 6 × 4
b × (b + 10) = 34 × 24
Therefore b = 24 m and length = b + 10 = 34m. Thus B is the correct
answer.
11. Ans.
Volume of the sphere = 4/3πr³ = 4/3 x 22/7 x 6.3 x 6.3 x 6.3 = 1047.82 cm²
Total surface area of the sphere = 4 πr³ = 4 x 22/7 x 6.3 x 6.3 =
498.96cm²
Volume
The magnitude or capacity of a solid space like a cube, cylinder, etc is
known as the volume of that solid.
Different solids and their volumes:
1. Cube
In a cube, length = breadth = height = s
The surface area of a cube = 6s²
The volume of a cube = S³
Diagonal of a cube = √3 s
2. Cuboid
Total surface area of a cuboid: 2 (lb + bh + lh)
The volume of a cuboid: lbh
3. Cylinder
• Lateral Surface Area or Curved surface area of a cylinder =
Perimeter of base × height = 2πrh

• Total Surface Area = Lateral Surface Area + Area of bases

= 2πrh + 2πr² = 2πr (h+r)

• The volume of a cylinder = Area of the base × Height of the

cylinder = πr²h
4. Cone
• Volume of a cone = 1/3 area of base × height = 1/3 πr²h
• Lateral Surface or Curved surface area of a cone = 1/2 radius × arc
length = 1/2 l × 2πr = πrl
where l = slant height = √(r² + h²)
• Total Surface Area = lateral surface area + Area of base = πrl + πr²
5. Sphere
• The surface area of a sphere: 4 πr²
• The volume of a sphere: 4/3 πr³
A half sphere is known as a hemisphere.
6. Hemisphere
• Curved surface area of a hemisphere: 2 πr2
• Total surface area of a hemisphere: 3 πr2
• The volume of a hemisphere: 2/3 πr3
16. How will you arrange 12 cubes of equal length to form a
cuboid of smallest surface area?

17. An aquarium is in the form of a cuboid whose external measures are

80 cm × 30 cm × 40 cm. The base, side faces and back face are to be
covered with a coloured paper. Find the area of the paper needed?

Required area = Area of the base + area of the back face

+ (2 × area of a side face)
18. In a building there are 24 cylindrical pillars. The radius of each pillar
is 28 cm and height is 4 m. Find the total cost of painting the curved
surface area of all pillars at the rate of ` 8 per m2.

19. Rukhsar painted the outside of the cabinet of measure 1 m × 2 m ×

1.5m. How much surface area did she cover if she painted all except
the bottom of the cabinet.

20. A godown is in the form of a cuboid of measures 60 m × 40 m × 30 m.

How many cuboidal boxes can be stored in it if the volume of one box is
0.8 m3 ?
18. Radius of cylindrical pillar, r = 28 cm = 0.28 m
height, h = 4 m
curved surface area of a cylinder = 2πrh
curved surface area of a pillar =2*22/7* 0.28*4= 7.04 m2
curved surface area of 24 such pillar = 7.04 × 24 = 168.96 m2
cost of painting an area of 1 m2 = ` 8
Therefore, cost of painting 168.96 m2 = 168.96 × 8 = ` 1351.68
20. Number of boxes that can be stored in the godown =Volume of the
godown/Volume of one box
Practice Questions
Q. The cost of carpeting a room 15m long with a carpet 75cm wide at
30paise per meter is Rs. 36. Find the width of the room.
A.6m           B. 8m            C. 1om          D. 9m
Q. The area of the right-angled triangle is 30 cm² and the length of the
hypotenuse is 13 cm. Find the length of the shorter leg.
A. 3cm       B. 4cm      C. 5cm      D. 7 cm
Q. The volume of the sphere is 38808 cm³, find the curved surface area of
the sphere.
A. 5202  cm³     B. 5544  cm³   C. 5562  cm³    D. 5542  cm³
Q. The radii of two cylinders are in the ratio of 2:3 and their heights are in
the ratio 5:3. Find the ratio of their curved surface area.
A. 10:9      B. 10:11      C. 9:10        D. 9:11
Q. In a square ABCD, P is the mid-point of AB and Q is the mid-point of BC if
the area of ∆PBQ is 100 m² than the area of the square ABCD =?
A. 250 m²           B. 400 m²          C. 800 m²              D. 600 m²
Q. A triangle and a parallelogram are constructed on the same base such
that their areas are equal. If the altitude of the parallelogram is 100 m,
then the altitude of the triangle is:?
A. 200m        B. 50m           C. 100m            D. 125m
Q. If one diagonal of a rhombus is equal to its side, then the diagonals of the
rhombus are in the ratio:?
A. 2: 1          B. 3: 1             C. √3: 1            D. None of these
Q. In a parallelogram ABCD if bisectors A and B meet at X, then the value of
AXB is?
A. 45°          B. 90°        C. 75°             D. 60°
Hint to solve:
Area of ∆PBQ = ½ × PQ × QB = 100 = ½ × AB/2 x BC/2 = 100. PQ x
QR = 2 × 2 × 2 × 100 = 800 cm². So, the correct answer is C.
we will denote ‘b’ as the base h1 and h2 as the altitudes of the triangle
and parallelogram respectively.
Then according to the data in the question:
½ × b ×  h1 = b ×  h2
h1 = 2 h2
h1 = 2  × 100 = 200m.
Thus the correct answer is A.