Pokhara University

M. Sc. Construction Management

IIIrd Semester
• Chapter:- 3 Project Get Started
Contractors and Consultants moves in
Employer’s Role to get project started
Kick off Meetings
Contractor’s submission- WS, Safety Plan, QAP
Material testing facilities- Personnel, Lab and equipments
 Contract Doc. Available at site
Schedules and Plans Review
Safety and Security Related Plans
Safety management System
Quality management System Designed and initiated
Material testing facilities- Personnel, Lab and equipments
 Contract Doc. Available at site

• Refer-
Consultant Procurement Guidelines ADB (ww.adb.org)
Consultant Procurement Guidelines WB (ww.wb.org)
Consultant Procurement- PPA 2063; PPR, 2064
Standard Bidding Documents for procurement of works, PPMO (www.ppmo.gov.np)
Standard Bidding Documents for procuring Consultant, PPMO (www.ppmo.gov.np)
Standard Procurement Documents, Procurement of Works- ICB, PPMO, January 2012 (www.ppmo.gov.np)
Standard Bidding Documents for procuring goods, PPMO ( www.ppmo.gov.np)
Nec cps
 Parties of a Contract
•
3 parties under a typical FIDIC Contract :


The Employer


The Contractor


The Engineer (Supervisor)
 Definitions
• Employer : The party named in the Contract as the "FIRST
PARTY" who will enter into contract with the Contractor for
the execution of the Works covered by the Contract, or any
other party authorized by the Employer to exercise the
powers and obligations of the First Party, provided that the
Contractor will be informed accordingly in writing .
• Contractor : The person, company or joint venture named
as Second Party in the Contract whose Tender has been
accepted by the Employer and with whom the Employer has
entered into Contract, and includes the Contractors personal
agents and his legal successors
 Definitions
• Engineer: The Consulting office, or Engineering office or
Engineer or any other technical body appointed from time to
time by the Employer to exercise in whole or in part the powers
of the Engineer in accordance with the Conditions of the
Contract provided that the Contractor shall be accordingly
notified in writing.
• Engineers Representative - Any resident engineer, or clerk of
works appointed by the Engineer from time to time
• Site - The land and other places provided by the Employer or
designated as such where the Works are to be executed, and
any other places specifically designated in the Contract as
forming part of the Site.
 Parties of a Contract

Relations of the 3 parties in a construction project

Employer – Contractor
–
Work Contract

Employer – Engineer
–
Service Contract

Engineer – Contractor
–
Engineer supervises the construction and
manages the project with limited authority.
 Parties of a Contract
•
Contractor:


Responsible from executing the works

Provides the necessary securities and guarantees

Held responsible from his and/or his sub contractors
actions

Responsible from the quality of the executed works as
well as the security of the construction site

Prepares the interim payment reports

May use sub contractors as allowed in the conditions of
the contract
 Parties of a Contract
•
Engineer:


Assigned by the Employer to represent the Employer

Name, contact information and authorities of an
Engineer are stated in relevant parts of the Works
Contract

After consulting with the Employer and the Contractor,
should propose fair and objective solutions for claims.

Checks the quality of the appropriateness of the
workmanship and the materials used

Approves the payment certificates of the Contractor
 Parties of a Contract
•
Employer


Defines the requirements and specifications

Provides the construction site

Provides the financial resources (usually)

Provides the necessary conditions to the Contractor
for the execution of works
 Contractor moves at the site

• Under sub-clause 8.1 (FIDIC), the project

cannot commence until the Contract
Agreement has been signed by both parties,
the Contractor has reasonable proof that the
Employer can fund the works and the
Contractor has received any advanced
payments it was entitled to.
 Contractor moves at the site
• Before Contract Signature – 1


Employer gives award notice to the Awardee.

Contract Negotiations are done (if necessary).

Priority of documents are re-arranged if necessary due to
contract negotiations or clarifications during tender period.

Contract is signed by the Employer (and endorsed by EUD).

Contractor submits the required documents (e.g.
performance guarantee) to the Employer together with the
signed Contract.
 Contractor moves at the site
•
Upon the signature of the Contract certain procedures need
to completed before the Contractor can commence the
works;

18.2 Submission of All Risk Insurance

20.2 Identification of DAB (Dispute Adjudication Board)
member(s). – Sometimes identification is done on Ad hoc
bases.

3.1 If not already in the Contract, the Employers informs
the Contractor about the details of the Engineer.

Communication lines and rules are established.

1.8 & 1.9 Supply of Drawings and Instructions
(RED Book) Drawings should be an integral part of the
•

Contract and should be provided based on a well

structured calendar
 Contractor moves at the site
• Contractor’s General Obligations
• The Contractor shall design (to the extent specified in the Contract),
execute and complete the Works in accordance with the Contract and
with the Engineer’s instructions, and shall remedy any defects in the
Works.
• The Contractor shall provide the Plant and Contractor’s Documents
specified in the Contract, and all Contractor’s Personnel, Goods,
consumables and other things and services, whether of a temporary or
permanent nature, required in and for this design, execution, completion
and remedying of defects.
• The Contractor shall, whenever required by the Engineer, submit details
of the arrangements and methods which the Contractor proposes to adopt
for the execution of the Works. No significant alteration to these
arrangements and methods shall be made without this having previously
been notified to the Engineer.
 Contractor moves at the site
• Contractor’s General Obligations
• The Contractor shall be responsible for the adequacy, stability and
safety of all Site operations and of all methods of construction.
Except to the extent specified in the Contract, the Contractor :
– shall be responsible for all Contractor’s Documents, Temporary
Works, and such design of each item of Plant and Materials as
is required for the item to be in accordance with the Contract,
and
– shall not otherwise be responsible for the design or
specification of the Permanent Works.
 Contractor moves at the site
• Contractor’s General Obligations
• If the Contract specifies that the Contractor shall design
any part of the Permanent Works, then unless otherwise
stated in the Particular Conditions:
A. the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer the
Contractor’s Documents for this part in accordance
with the procedures specified in the Contract;
B. these Contractor’s Documents shall be in accordance
with the Specification and Drawings, shall be written
in the language for communications
 Consultant moves at the site
• Consultant’s (Engineer's) Duties and Authority
• a) The Engineer shall carry out the duties specified in
the Contract .
• b) The Engineer shall exercise the authority specified in
or necessarily to be implied from the Contract .
• Provided, that the Engineer shall obtain the specific
approval of the Employer, in compliance with the terms
of his appointment, and after submitting his
recommendations to the Employer in writing, in the
following matters :
 Consultant moves at the site
• Consultant’s (Engineer's) Duties and Authority
– issuing variation orders;
– deciding on the extension of Time for Completion
and applying the Liquidated Damages Clause;
– approving the appointment of Subcontractors;
– notifying the Contractor on suspension of Works; and
any other matters as may be set out in Part II of these
conditions).
• (c) Except as expressly stated in the Contract, the
Engineer shall have no authority to relieve the
Contractor of any of his obligations under the Contract
 Consultant moves at the site

• Engineer's Representative
• The Engineer's Representative shall be appointed by and be
responsible to the Engineer and shall carry out such duties
of watching and supervising the execution and
workmanship of the Works and to test and examine any
materials to be used or workshop employed in connection
with the Works. He shall exercise such authority as may be
delegated to him by the Engineer
• Engineer refers to the Consultant Firm, not the
Consultant’s Team Leader.
•
 Before the Construction Works
Commence

The personnel of the Employer, the Contractor and the
Engineer to be deployed on the project site is identified.
(4.3 Contractor’s Representative)


The limits of authority of each personnel is identified
and a line of communication is drafted based on this. It
is recommended that the line of communication is
signed by all parties.
–
For example: the Team Leader of the Engineer approves
the Contractors Interim Payments, but does not have the
authority to negotiate amendments on the Consultancy
Contract.
 Before the Construction Works
Commence

Clause 2.1 Right of Access to Site

Employer should give the right to access and possession of the site
to the Contractor after the Contract Signature.

Employer should complete his responsibilities and should give the
possession of the site free of problems.

Delays in this task may cause extensions in the contract duration
and increases in the contract price.


1.13 Contractor should complete all the necessary local procedures
and obtain the necessary permits to start construction works.


Clause 8.1 Unless otherwise stated in PCs the commencement date is
within 42 days after the contract signature. Engineer shall give the
notice not less than 7 days before the Commencement Date.
 First 28 Days

Clause 4.4 Necessary permissions and procedures are
completed for the Sub Contractors.


Clause 4.1 Contractor’s General Obligations.

Security of the site and works


Clause 6 Staff and Labour

Sub Clause 6.4 (Local Labour Laws)

Sub Clause 6.5 (Working hours)

Sub Clause 6.7 (Health and safety)

Contractor should take all the necessary precautions to
avoid accidents and should assign a safety
representative.
 Employer’s Role to get project started

• “reasonable evidence that financial

arrangements have been made and are being
maintained which will enable the Employer to
pay the contract price punctually”; and
• “Before the Employer makes any material
change to his financial arrangements, the
Employer shall give notice to the Contractor
with detailed particulars.” 
 Employer’s Role to get project started

• If the Employer fails to provide this evidence, the

Contractor can suspend work, "or reduce the rate of
work”, unless or until the Contractor actually receives
the reasonable evidence.
• This was an entirely new provision to the 1999 FIDIC
form and provides a mechanism whereby the
Contractor can obtain confirmation that sufficient
funding arrangements are in place to enable him to
be paid, including if there is a significant change in
the size of the project during construction.
 Project Get Started

• How do you get a project started?

• Very simple, organize a project kick-off meeting as
soon as possible to help you collect the basic
project information.
• Invite a group of stakeholders’ representatives
including management, business experts and
members of the development team.
• The main objective of this meeting is to define the
project and do some initial high-level planning.
 Project Kick- off Meeting
• A Project Kick-off meeting is a formal meeting to announce
the start of a project, (or the start of a new project phase).
• Once the project manager has created an initial high-level
project plan and has identified the initial project team, the next
step is to schedule a kickoff meeting.
• PURPOSE
• to introduce the project to all the key stakeholders.
• to provide an opportunity for the entire team and other
stakeholders to identify any concerns and issues that could
alter the project plan
• if a steering committee has been appointed to the project, the
purpose, expectations, and members of the steering committee
should also be addressed at the kickoff meeting.
 Project Kick- off Meeting

WHO TO INCLUDE
• It is very important to clearly understand and
recognize from the start all of the people who are
part of the project’s “audience”.
• The definition of a project audience is any person
or group that supports, is affected by, or is
interested in the project.
• Sometimes members of this group are referred to
as stakeholders. In either case, these are the folks
who should be invited to the kickoff meeting
 Project Kick- off Meeting
The following list can serve as a guideline for determining the project audience:
Name Description
Project Sponsor Person or group providing financial resources for the project.
Upper Executive level management who may serve as project sponsors and are
Management responsible for the general oversight of the project.
Requestor Person who requested the project and all others who worked on the
research, analysis, and subsequent chartering of that request.
Project Manager Person with overall responsibility for the project.
Project Team Team members whose work is directed by the project manager.
Functional or People who are typically involved in most large projects such as
Support groups Enrollment, financial staff, HR, business staff, etc.

Technical Experts People who have special knowledge related to the project. For example,
a DBA, network engineer, systems engineer, vendor, consultant,
functional user, or subject matter expert.
Clients or People who receive service and support from Fordham IT.
Customers
Steering People who have been assigned to oversee the general direction of the
Committee project and/or serve as an advisory board.
Community The University community, including faculty, students, staff, alumni,
friends, etc.
Public Groups that might have a vested interest in the project or can assist in the
communication plan such as local media, professional societies, and
regulatory agencies.
 Project Kick- off Meeting
• A typical agenda for Kick-off meeting could be-
Meeting Objectives: What do we want to achieve at
the end of this meeting.
Project Objectives: What do we want to achieve at
the end of this project.
Project Approach: Define the main phases or
components of the project, what is expected during
the project, are we following a specific
methodology?
 Project Kick- off Meeting
• A typical agenda for Kick-off meeting could be-
Deliverables: Discuss and document what are the
expected deliverables of the project so that there are no
misunderstandings on what will be produced.
Project Team: You might want to create and organization
chart of your project, including main stakeholders,
steering committee members, subject matter experts and
technical resources that will be participating in the
project.
Roles & Responsibilities: It is also a good idea to define
the main responsibilities of each role in the project team.
This will help to set expectations from the very
beginning.
 Project Kick- off Meeting
• A typical agenda for Kick-off meeting could be-
 Change Control: Define the process that will be used to manage
change, especially scope change.
 Communication Plan: Define how the project communication will be
done: Status Reports, frequency of meetings, project portal, etc.
 Risks: Identify the main potential project risks. This should be handled
as a mini risk assessment session.
 High-level Requirements: This is a very important part of the meeting,
since you can collect a high-level description of each requirement,
usually in a few lines per requirement. It is important to identify each
requirement with an identification number or ID, and if possible with a
priority indicator, like high, medium, low. I have successfully used a
PowerPoint table to capture requirements during the meeting so that
everybody can see them when projected on a large screen.
 Contractor’s Submission
• Timeline: Discuss a tentative timeline for the project, but be sure
to let everybody know that the timeline will need to be validated
once the detailed project schedule is completed.
• Site office: The Contractor shall provide and maintain the site
office as per the Contract Documents
• Site set-up: The Contractor shall be responsible for setting up the
site, hoarding, storage and arranging utilities etc.
• Project Sign: The Contractor shall provide a project signage as per
the Contract Documents.
• Cost breakdown/Cash flow: The Contractor shall submit, to the
Consultant, a breakdown of the contract price for each section of
the work and a breakdown of the contract price related to time, for
cash flow purposes. This is required within a reasonable time, but
must be submitted and agreed to prior to the first progress billing.
 Contractor’s Submission
• List of subcontractors: The Contractor shall submit
the list of subcontractors proposed for the work. The
subcontractors should be the same as those named in the
Contractor’s bid. The Owner and/or Consultant must
approve any changes or substitutions.
• Permits and Licenses: The status of various permit
applications should be determined. It is also important to
make sure that the appropriate parties are pursuing all
the necessary permits. The general assumption is that
the contractor is obtaining all necessary permits, but
there are cases where certain permits are to be obtained,
or have been obtained by others. Make sure all parties
are aware of their obligations in this area.
 Contractor’s Submission
• Schedules:
 Construction Schedule: The contractor shall submit a
construction schedule for review at the pre-construction
conference. This schedule is to be monitored and updated
by the contractor on a regular basis.
 Submittal schedule: The contractor shall prepare and
submit a submittal schedule to the consultant. This
schedule is a chronological listing of all submittals required
by the contract documents. The submittal schedule should
be coordinated with the construction schedule, and updated
to reflect any changes to the construction schedule as work
progresses.
 Contractor’s Submission
• Schedules:
• Information to be included on submittal schedule:
– Description of each submittal, and name of subcontractor
– Dates of each submission
– Specification section reference
– Final date for completion consultant’s review
– Mock-ups/ Sample installations
• Quality Assurance Plan
– Sources of materials
– Tests and Frequency of tests
– Responsible persons for quality assurance and control
– QA/QC process and Procedure
 During Execution of Work

• Project Management Tools


Notices


Instructions


Reports


Records


Certificates
 Construction Planning
• Construction planning is:
• operational planning
• fundamental and challenging activity in the
management and execution of construction projects.
• It involves -
choice of technology,
definition of work tasks,
estimation of the required resources and durations for
individual tasks, and
identification of any interactions among the different
work tasks.
 Construction Planning
SPD, ICB 2012, Sec-4 Bidding Form, PPMO
1. Personnel
1. Title of position
Name
2. Title of position*
Name
3. Title of position*
Name
4. Title of position*
Name
5. Title of position*
Name

*As listed in Section 3 (Evaluation and Qualification Criteria).

 Construction Planning
SPD, ICB 2012, Sec-4 Bidding Form, PPMO
2.Equipment
•  The Bidder shall provide adequate information to demonstrate clearly that it
has the capability to meet the requirements for the key equipment listed in
Section 3 (Evaluation and Qualification Criteria). A separate Form shall be
prepared for each item of equipment listed, or for alternative equipment
proposed by the Bidder. .
Type of Equipment
Equipment Name of manufacturer Model and power rating
Information
Capacity* Year of manufacture
Current Current location
Status
Details of current commitments

Source Indicate source of the equipment

o Owned o Rented o Leasedo Specially manufactured
 Construction Planning
SPD, ICB 2012, Sec-4 Bidding Form, PPMO
3. Site Organization
• The Bidder shall show here in an Organogram
format the organization of his site personnel
showing clearly designated duties and
responsibilities and the chain of command
throughout the structure. Included in the chart
shall be the names of respective personnel.
4. Method Statement
• The Bidder shall provide here a brief description
of how the Works are to be undertaken. The
description shall indicate how each activities are
to be undertaken.
 Construction Planning
SPD, ICB 2012, Sec-4 Bidding Form, PPMO
5. Mobilization Schedule
• The Bidder shall provide here a general description of the
arrangements and methods which he proposes to adopt for the
execution of the Works which shall include but not be limited to:-
–  Mobilization period including periods required for establishing the
Contractor’s offices, workshops etc. and the facilities required for the
Engineer and his staff.
– Sources of Contractor’s equipment and mobilization periods for items of
plant.
6. Construction Schedule
• The Bidder shall provide here his proposed programme for
construction of the Works within the Time for Completion. The
programme shall be presented in the form of a bar chart showing
main construction activities with Milestones. Associated groups
of construction equipment shall be listed.
 Scheduling Methods

• There are several forms of schedules and several

methods used to determine accurately the schedule.
• Methods in general use:
i. Task matrix,
ii. Gantt chart,
iii. Network diagram, and
iv. Line-of-balance scheduling.

40
 Scheduling Methods
Gantt chart/ Bar chart
• The Gantt chart or bar chart used today was developed in the
early 1900’s from a several different charts used by Mr. Henry
Gantt to communicate between management and employees
about what work was to be accomplished on a given day
• Each bar represents the amount of time that its respective task
will take.
• Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal
elements and summary elements of a project.
• Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work
breakdown structure of the project.
• Although now regarded as a common charting technique, Gantt
charts were considered revolutionary when first introduced.

41
 Scheduling Methods
Gantt chart/ Bar chart
• two dimensional chart.
• x-axis shows the project timeline.
• y-axis is a list of specific activities
that must be accomplished to
complete the project.
• These activities are typically listed in
order of earliest start on the project.
• The content of the bar chart are bars
that show the planned (and/or actual)
start and end times for each task.
• most bar charts show a pattern of bars
that begin in the upper left of the chart
and proceed to bars that complete the
project displayed in the bottom right
of the chart.
42
 Scheduling Methods
Gantt chart-

• Gantt chart- Advantages

• Gantt charts have become a common technique for representing the
phases and activities of a project WBS so they can be understood
by a wide audience all over the world.
• A Gantt chart is useful and valuable for small projects that fit on a
single sheet or screen
43
 Schedules and Plans
• Schedules:
• Information to be included :
– Description of each submittal, and name of subcontractor
– Dates of each submission
– Specification section reference
– Final date for completion consultant’s review
– Mock-ups/ Sample installations
• Quality Assurance Plan
– Sources of materials
– Tests and Frequency of tests
– Responsible persons for quality assurance and control
– QA/QC process and Procedure
 Construction Safety
• Proactive safety planning during all phases of construction is
essential in order to reduce the risk associated with
construction and renovation activities, as well as eliminate
hazards to construction workers, faculty, staff, students, and
the public.
• This includes the management and implementation of the
Construction Safety Standard, pre-construction planning,
evaluation of contractor safety performance, development of
a project hazard analysis, detailed review of high-risk
activities, and administration of a comprehensive substance
abuse prevention program.
 Quality Management System (QMS)
 Service Quality is,
 Fitness of use/customer expectation,
 Consistency to delivery (conformance) and
 Design quality subject to Continuous Improvement. Quality
by design- before the Product Line, In the PL, End of the PL
 QM is the planning, organizing, Controlling/Monitoring and
directing of processes to ensure the objective are met.
 Whereas, TQM is more than QM in terms of system
approach, communications, commitment, policy, culture,
control, leadership (Oakland & Sohal1996) in order to
improve competitiveness, effectiveness, focuses on
prevention not detection.
Six Problem Solving Steps for Quality
• Identify
– Recognize the symptoms
• Define
– Agree on the problem and set boundaries
• Investigate
– Collect data
• Analyze
– Use quality tools to aid
• Solve
– Develop the solution and implement
• Confirm
– Follow up to ensure that the solution is effective
 Quality Management System (QMS)
• Overview of Quality and Quality Management :-
• ISO 9000 QMS:
 Foundation for quality excellence
 Documentation of Procedures
 Consistency of Service Quality
 Framework for Service Benchmarking
 Basis for Knowledge enhancement
 Continuous Improvement
Why QM is Important to the Construction Industry

• Attainment of acceptable levels of quality in the construction

industry has long been a problem.
• The manufacturing industry has developed Total Quality
Management (TQM) concepts, first applied in Japan and in the
in the United States, which have increased productivity,
decreased product cost and improved product reliability.
• These concepts are also applicable to the construction
industry. For example, Japanese construction companies,
benefiting from the experiences of Japanese manufacturers,
began implementing TQM during the 1970s.
• Even though construction is a creative, one-time process, the
Japanese construction industry embraced the TQM concepts
that some argued could only apply to mass production.
why QM is Important to the Construction Industry
• 3 main reasons for pursuit of quality (Beckford, J 1998:
Quality A critical Introduction Chap 1) :-
• Social :Post-war era and recognition of quality on mgt
platforms (Mayo, Herzberg & McGregor – different ways of
designing & managing jobs/orgs)
• Unemployment levels cause by achieving quality?? - Minimize
waste of talent, costs of defects, wastages and maintenance.
E.g , zero defects, no rework or rectification. Efficient systems.
In USA 25% of bldg cost due to waste and defects, Failures in
design in UK amounted to > £ 1Bn Studies showed 10%
improvement in construction efficiency adds 2.5% to GDP
(Australia, CIDA1993)
why QM is Important to the Construction Industry
• 3 main reasons for pursuit of quality (Beckford, J 1998: Quality
A critical Introduction Chap 1) :-
• Ethical :
 Emergence of environmental movements.
 Minimize environmental damage, Global warming. Proper Waste and
dumping of waste designs. Whose responsibility? At national and
organization levels. At manager and individual level
• Other Factors:
 Technological impact : innovation, export technology, state-of the art
materials and equipment, Internet Technology, disruptive
technologies.
 Legal & Political : Privatization & deregulations, reforms National
reputation. Govt. Incentives for exporting services and Knowledge-
based global economy. Regulations and statutory requirements.
Quality Management

• Quality Control
• Quality Assurance
• Total Quality Management

• Quality Engineering,

04/08/2021 52
Quality Management…
• Quality Engineering:
involves the application of procedures to ensure that the
engineering and design for a structure proceed according
to recommended and mandatory criteria set by related
codes, authorities and organizations; while it produce a
facility that most economically serves the owner’s needs.
• Many of these standards are required by law and /or codes
• It is very expensive to correct mistakes once construction has begun

04/08/2021 53
 Quality Management…
• Quality control
• Development and application of procedures that will, at
economical levels, assure attainment of desired quality when the
project is constructed

• This process includes

1. Setting specific standard for performance (Plan and Specification)
2. Measuring variances from the standards (Supervision and Tests)
3. Taking actions to correct/ minimize adverse variances
4. Planning for improvements in the standards themselves and conformance with
the standards

04/08/2021 54
 Quality Management…

• Quality assurance
• Generally a broader, term encompasses both Quality Engineering
and Quality Control
• This includes
1. application of standards and procedures to insure that a product/ facility
meets or exceeds desired performance criteria
2. Documentation to verify the results obtained

04/08/2021 55
 Quality Management…

Total Quality Management

Quality Assurance

Quality Control

· Detection of errors
·Verification of conformity

Prevention of errors

Continuous Improvement

04/08/2021 56
Elements of Quality

1. Quality Characteristics
2. Quality of Design
3. Quality of Conformance

All these factors have cost implication on the project

As with the quality of design, there is a close correlation
between standards for conformance and the cost of achieving
those standards

04/08/2021 57
Elements of Quality…
1. Quality Characteristics: those properties chosen to define the
nature of a product for design and control purpose, e.g. for
concrete- compressive strength, slump, aggregate size, w/c
ratio etc.
2. Quality of Design: relates to the design tolerances set for the
chosen characteristics that will enable a product to function at
the desired level of reliability and economy, e.g. Re-bar
spacing- 120mm +/- 5mm, no more than 20% cubes have the
strength of 200kg/sq. cm
3. Quality of Conformance: is the degree to which the physical
work produced confirms to the specified design

04/08/2021 58
Quality Performance – Contractor’s
Obligation

• In one way or another, directly or indirectly, explained

in one or another clauses of contract, ultimately
contractor is made responsible for any non
conformance in construction
• Contractor performing quality works do not need to
depend on the mercy of client or the engineer for their
work to be approved and paid

04/08/2021 59
Quality Performance – Contractor’s
Obligation…

• Ultimate responsibility of quality is of contractor and

they should show more concern about quality and
achieve the same at lower cost

• Quality is about achieving high quality in low cost and

not high quality at high cost and low quality at low
cost, Hence, appropriate shift would improve quality
and savings

04/08/2021 60
Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
QAP-
All those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide
adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy given
requirements

Concept of QAP for the public works is thought to be useful for:

• Cost effectiveness, time efficiency and material Quality of
public works
• Facilitating monitoring and evaluation of output of the project
• Maintaining transparency
QAP shall be prepared and submitted to the Engineer by the Contractor

04/08/2021 61
 Quality and Specification
• Specification is a document where the level of intended quality
is specified

• Specifications are a clear and concise description of materials

and workmanship including the methods of construction and
precautions to be taken

• The client prepares specification and mentions his quality

requirements

• It should not be vague or unclear and it should exactly mention

what client is looking for

• A standard specification would be of much help for

departmental repetitive works
04/08/2021 62
 Quality and Specification…
• Specification serves the bidders to guide about the client’s
intended quality requirements

• It is a part of Contract Document and serves as a guide for

Supervisors, Engineers and Fabricators
• Priority in case of discrepancies:
Priced BoQ- Spec- Drawing

• Types of Specification
1. Contract Specification
1. General
2. Particular
2. Standard Specification
3. Overall Performance Specification
4. Manufacturer’s Specification

04/08/2021 63
 Quality and Supervision
Construction Supervision is necessary to:
• ensure the works are constructed in accordance with the
design and specification,
• safeguard the quality of construction, oversee the safety of
the works, and when required,
• provide a cost-monitoring service to the client
 
The role varies depending on the contract e.g. re-measure, Design & Build
(D&B), Design, Build, Finance & Operate (DBFO), and Early Contractor
Involvement (ECI) and whether our client is the Employer or the
Contractor

04/08/2021 64
 Quality and Supervision...

• Contract Administration and Supervision of contract is

normally performed by the supervision Consultant, i.e.
Engineer (FIDIC MDB)
• Monitoring of the supervision of works performed by the
Engineer is the responsibility of Clients’ Project Manager
• Other Project Staffs shall assist PM to monitor the work

04/08/2021 65
Documents made available at site
• All the contract documents and other related
documents shall be made available at site by the
Contractor as well as by the employer.
• The documents includes but not limited to:-
– Condition of Contract (GCC, PCC),
– Drawings(Tender Drawings, Contract Drawings/ Shop
Drawings),
– BoQ,
– Specification (General, Special)
– Codes
– Lab testing manuals and Test Reports
– Others
 Assignment
1. Prepare a list showing the duty and responsibilities of
Employer’s Project Manager, Consultant’s Team Leader and
Contractor’s Contract Manager for a successful construction
project.
2. What is Kick off meeting? Why it is important in a construction
Project management? Prepare a typical kick off meeting agenda
for a construction project.
3. What is Quality management? Prepare a good Quality Assurance
Plan for a Multi- storey office Building Construction project.
4. Mention the importance of Construction Planning and
Scheduling. Prepare a typical work schedule for a Road
Upgrading Project with total contract duration of 15 months.
Thank You