Basic GIS 1 (CUDE6011)

GIS Analysis

UECCM, UIPM, ULDM, UMMP, UPD,TPM, UHPM

PVAM – Semester 1

Week 7

Ethiopian Civil Service University

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 Session Objectives

● At the end of the session, Participants will be able

to:

 Understand the different GIS analysis techniques.

 Apply the different GIS analysis techniques.

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 Presentation Outline

● GIS Analysis:
Retrieval and Reclassification
Distance and Connectivity Measurements
Overlay Operations
Neighborhood Operations

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 GIS Analysis
●GIS Analysis: Examination of spatial data to
generate new information (Geoprocessing)

GIS answers geographic questions:

 Locating what is where
 Locating where certain conditions are fulfilled
 Tracing changes over time
 Spatial pattern identification
 What if…?

4 ●Integrated analysis of spatial & attribute data

 GIS Analysis…

GIS Analysis Types

●Retrieval and Reclassification

●Distance and Connectivity Measurements
●Overlay Operations
●Neighborhood Operations
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 Retrieval
Select By Attributes Select By Location

"Use_Type" = 'Commercial' Buildings within 500 meters from Schools

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 Reclassification
● Raster data analysis

Decision Table
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 Reclassification…
● Vector data analysis

URBAN URBAN URBAN AREA

RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL

RURAL
AGRICULTURE
RURAL RURAL AREA
FOREST

ORIGINAL CLASSIFICATION GENERALIZED CLASSIFICATION

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 Overlay

 Arithmetic overlay
 Logic overlay
 Conditional expression
 Weighted overlay

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 Arithmetic Overlay
● Arithmetic overlay using Raster Data Model

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0
 Arithmetic Overlay…
● Arithmetic overlay using Vector Data Model

Spatial data Attribute data

Input
data layer A

Input
data layer B

Output
data layer C

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 Logic Overlay
● Using Raster Data Model

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 Conditional Expression
● Using Raster Data Model

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 Weighed Overlay
•Case: Selection of suitable location for a new urban park

•Factors Considered: Land use, population density, distance to existing parks

•Selection Criteria: Park site should be on a vacant land where the population
density is high and far as possible from existing parks
Conceptual Framework
Landuse
Category

Population Weighted Output

Density Overlay Map

Distance to
Parks

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 Weighed Overlay…

Land Use Population Density Distance from Existing Parks

50% influence 15% influence 35% influence

Suitability Out Raster

Rank 2 (New Park Site Suitability) Map

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 Distance and Connectivity
Measurements
e.g. 2D and 3D distance calculations

A B

e.g. Perimeter and Area measurements

e.g. distance calculation in
terms of time taken

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 Distance and Connectivity
Measurements...
e.g. Area measurements (summarizing Land use)

Legend

Total Area = 47,5085.38 sqm

47.5 ha
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 Distance and Connectivity
Measurements...
e.g. proximity analysis,
using buffering of 9m from
the road center
Road Center

Buffer Zone

Buildings Intersected
By the Road Buffer
Summary of buildings

Summary of the affected

buildings

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 Distance and Connectivity
Measurements...

10 min
5 min

3 min

Source

An example of a shortest path An example of service

solution for three points along a areas/response area by travel
road network. time from a source (e.g. fire
station)

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 Neighbourhood Analysis
•Analyzes the relationship between an object and similar
surrounding objects.

•Is based on local or neighborhood characteristics of the data.

• In Raster data, a neighborhood is
defined as the field of a cell and its
similar surrounding cells.

The cell value is the function of the

Average 8 surrounding cells
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 Neighbourhood Analysis...
E.g. interpolation

•For instance,
elevation, pollution
or population
sample points are
interpolated into
surface data

Measured phenomenon at Predicted values for all

strategically dispersed other locations by
sample locations interpolating data values
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 Neighbourhood Analysis...
E.g. proximity analysis

•The proximity Distance (in meters)

analysis
showing the
distance range
from each
service facility
(in blue
rectangles)

Service facilities
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 Some References
● Demers, Michael N.  1996.  Fundamentals of Geographic
Information Systems.  John Wiley & Sons. 
● Laurini,Robertand Derek Thompson.  1992.  Fundamentals of
Spatial Information Systems. Academic Press Limited
● Huxhold, William E.  1991.  An introduction to urban geographic
information systems.  New York:  Oxford University Press
● Maguire, David J., Michael Goodchild, and David W. Rhind,
Editors.  1991.  Geographic Information Systems:  Principles and
Applications.  Longman
● Tekaligin Z and Andualem A (2012). Applied GIS: Theories and
Practice. Module Handbook , ESCU
● Watson, David F.  1992.  Contouring: A Guide to the Analysis and
Display of Spatial Data. Pergamon Press.   
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 Comments/Questions

Thank you!

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