Kinematics of Fluid Flow

Lecture -4
 Introduction
 Up till now we have studied the effect of force on
the liquid at rest. Now we will study the motion of
liquids without any reference to the force causing
motion.

 This lecture deals with the study of velocity and

acceleration of the liquid particles without taking
into consideration any force or energy.
FLUID KINEMATICS
Fluid Flow
Fluid Flow
 Fluid Flow
 When dealing with incompressible fluids, we
commonly use volume flow rate. Whereas weight
flow rate or mass flow rate is more convenient with
compressible fluid.

 The units of volume flow rate (Q) are

 m3/sec in SI system which is also known as
Cumec.
 Another unit is ft3/sec which is also known as
Cusec
 Problem-1
Water flows through a circular pipe with a radius of 15cm at a
rate of 1.5m/s into a storage tank.
a) Calculate the mass flow rate.
b) Calculate the mass of water that will flow into the
storage tank in 10 mins.
c) How long will it take for 2,50,000kg of water to enter
into the storage tank.
 Problem-2
Water flows through a circular pipe with a diameter of 10cm at a
rate of 2.5m/s into a rectangular pool.
a) Calculate the volume flow rate.
b) How long will it take a rectangular pool that is 15m
long, 12 m wide, and 3m high.
 Types of Flow
 When a fluid is flowing in pipe, the countless small
particles get together and form a flowing stream.

 These particles, while moving, group themselves in a

variety of ways, e.g., they move in a regular formation,
just as disciplined soldiers do; or they may swirl, like
the individuals, in a disorderly crowd.

 The type of flow of a liquid depends upon the manner in

which the particles unite and move.
Types of Flow
 Ideal & Real flow

 In the flow of ideal fluid the particles moves with same

velocity.
 In real fluid the particles moves with different
velocities.
Compressible & Incompressible Flow
Compressible Flow
 A flow in which the
volume of fluid and its
density changes during the
flow.
 All the gases are generally
considered to have
compressible flows.
Incompressible Flow
 A flow in which the
volume of fluid and its
density does not change
during the flow.
 All the liquid are generally
considered to have
incompressible flows.
Compressible & Incompressible Flow
Compressible & Incompressible Flow
Laminar & Turbulent Flow
 Laminar & Turbulent Flow
The Reynolds number (Re) helps predict flow patterns in
different fluid flow situations. At low Reynolds numbers,
flows tend to be dominated by laminar (sheet-like) flow, while
at high Reynolds numbers flows tend to be turbulent.
 Steady & Unsteady Flow

Steady Flow Unsteady Flow

 A flow in which all  A flow in which all

conditions (Velocity, conditions (Velocity,
pressure, density, discharge) pressure, density,
at any point in a stream discharge) at any point in a
remains constant with stream changes with
respect to time, but the respect to time is called un
conditions may be different steady flow.
at different point, is called
steady flow.
Steady & Unsteady Flow
 Uniform & Non-Uniform Flow

Uniform Flow Non- Uniform Flow

 If the flow velocity at  If the flow velocity at
a given instant of time a given instant of time
does not change changes within a
within a given length given length of pipe or
of pipe or channel, channel, then the flow
then the flow is called is called non-uniform
uniform flow. flow.
Uniform & Non-Uniform Flow
Flow Combinations
Path line and stream line
Streakline and streamtubes
 Mean Velocity and Discharge

Volume = Length x Area, velocity = Length/time, Length = Velocity x time

 FINAL ASSIGNMENT
Q.1: What is an orifice? Explain/describe it’s different types
along with it’s advantages and disadvantages.

Q.2: What is a notch? Explain/describe it’s different types.

Q.3: What is a weir? Explain/describe different types of weirs.

Note:
Submit this as assignment in soft form. Add images as and
where necessary. If you want to add any mathematical
calculations, you can add that too for fetching more marks as
compared to your peers.
 FINAL EXAM PATTERN
OPEN BOOK PAPER (50%) FINAL VIVA (50%)

 4 Numerical Problems  Viva from Final

 20 Marks per problem Assignment i.e.
 6 hours time orifice, notches and
 I will share the topics weirs. (3 topics)

EID HOLIDAYS:
30th July– 2nd August, 2020.

FINAL EXAM (OPEN BOOK PAPER):

THURSDAY (6th August, 2020) from 8a.m- 2p.m (6 hours)