Foot Anatomy

Muhammad Azam
objectives
Bones
Joints
Muscles
Introduction
Osteo-muscular system

Movement (Standing, walking & Running)

Stability

foot may be considered the first contact of the

body.
Leg Bones
Tibia
i. Shin Bone
ii. 2nd Largest Bone
iii. Vertical in Males & Slightly Slanted in Females
Fibula
i. Calf Bone
ii. Parallel to tibia
iii. Supports in Movement & Body Weight
Tibia/Fibula
Foot Bones
Total Bones (26/28)
Both foot 52/56 (25%)
Each Foot has
I. Tarsals (07)
II. Metatarsals (05)
III. Phalanges (14)
IV. Sesamoids Bones (02)
Medial/Lateral View
Foot Segmental Division
Hind Foot/Rear Foot
Calcaneus
Heel Bone
Sustanticulam Tali
Os Trigonum

Talus
known as the astragalus
three regions: the head,
neck, and body
Mid Foot
Navicular
Medial Side
Resembles Like Boat
Touches five Bones

Cuboid
Lateral Side
Stability of Lateral
Boarder
Mid Foot
03 Cuneiforms
Wedge Shaped
Medial

Intermediate

Lateral
Forefoot
Metatarsals (05 bones)
 Head, Shaft & Base
Phalanges (14)
 03 Sections
 Proximal (05)
 Intermediate (04)
 Distal (05)
Muscles
Extrinsic
 except the popliteus muscle

Intrinsic
origin and insert within the foot

Three Compartments
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
Muscle Function
Dorsiflexion of the ankle / Pronation of foot
foot
 · Tibialis Anterior
 · Peroneus longus
 · Extensor Digitorum Longus  · Peroneus brevis
 · Extensor Hallucis Longus
 · Peroneus tertius
 · Peroneus Tertius
Plantarflexion of ankle / foot Supination of foot
 · Triceps Surae
 · Tibialis anterior
 · Tibial Posterior
 · Flexor Digitorum Longus
 · Tibialis posterior
 · Flexor Hallucis Longus  · Extensor hallucis longus
 · Peroneus Longus
 · Peroneus Brevis
Joints of Ankle & Foot
Tibia/Fibula two joints
Proximal tibiofibular
Joint
Distal Tibiofibular Joint
also called tibiofibular
syndesmosis
Accomodates Talus
during Dorsiflexion
The Ankle
Hinge Joint
Forms by
i. lower end Tibia
ii. medial malleolus of
the tibia
iii. lateral malleolus of
the fibula
iv. trochlear surface of
the talus
Ligaments
Medial/Lateral Lateral Ligaments
Provides Stability a) anterior talofibular
Prevent ant/post ligament
Slipping of Talus b) calcaneofibular ligament

Lateral are weaker & c) posterior talofibular

ligament
prone to sprains
Medial/Deltoid
a) Ant/Post Tibiotalar
b) Tibiotalar
c) Tibionavicular
Lateral View
Medial View
Sub-Talar Joint
Talus & Calcaneus
Three Articulations (Post, Ant, & Middle)
Stabilized by
 Ant/Post Talocalcaneal Ligament
 Med/Lat Talocalcaneal Ligament
Sub-Talar Joint
Mid Foot Joints
Transverse Tarsal
Joint/Chopart
Joint
 Calcaneonavicular
Joint
 Calcaneocubiod Joint
S-Shape
Mid Foot Joints
Tarsometatarsal Joint
Each Cuneiform with
Metatarsal
Cuboid with 4th & 5th
Metatarsal
Multiple Joints
Forefoot Joints
Tarso metatarsal joint
(TMJ)
 First TMJ has two
Sesamoid Bones
Metatarso phalangeal
joint (MTP)
 Each Digit has tw IP
Joints PIP & DIP
Except Big Toe that has
IP Joint Only
Foot Arches
four main arches
 Medial longitudinal arch
 · Lateral longitudinal arch
 · Transverse tarsal arch
 · Transverse metatarsal arches
MLA
calcaneus, the talus, the
navicular, the three
cuneiforms, and the
first, second, and third
metatarsals
Lateral Arch
calcaneus, the cuboid,
and the fourth and fifth
metatarsals
Transverse arches
Dome Like
The five Metatarsals
Bones