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Questioned Document: A Comprehensive Review
Questioned Document: A Comprehensive Review
A Comprehensive Review
• Preliminaries
• Questioned Document: Timeline and
Personalities
• Examination of Questioned Handwriting
• Standards in Questioned Document
• Examination of Signatures
• Examination of Fraudulent Alteration
• Examination of Counterfeiting
• Examination of Inks and Writing Materials
• Examination of Typewritten Notes and
Materials
• Laws on Questioned Documents
• Current Trends in Questioned Documents
• Document
– The term document came from the Latin word
“documentum”, which means lesson, or example.
It may have been derived also from the French
word “docere” means to teach.
– Any material containing marks, symbols, or
signs in which these components may either be
visible or partially visible in conveying message
or meaning to someone.
Handwriting Protractor
An instrument for
measuring angles: an
instrument shaped like
a semicircle marked
with the degrees of a
circle, used to measure
or mark out angles.
Transmitted Light
a device where light
comes from beneath
or behind glass on
document is placed.
Photo- enlarger
A device used to
enlarge
negatives and
transfer the
image to the
photo paper.
Forensic Comparator
An instrument which
captures images and
projects them on a
black and white
screen for
enlargement
purposes.
Examination of Handwriting
Specimen
D’ Nealian
Copybook
RRNC 70
Importance of Copybook
• Topline
• Midline
• Baseline
• Zones in Writing
A. Measurement
B. Caliper
C. Buffer
D. Calibre
04/10/21
Chemical used to whiten
paper pulp.
A. Bleach
B. Alum
C. Sufite
D. Pulp
04/10/21
A form of printing to produce
a raised impression or pattern
on the surface of a sheet of
paper.
A. Lithograph printing
B. Embossing
C. Edge chains
D. Reprographing
04/10/21
The original inventor of
Fourdrinier paper machine.
A. Fourdrinier Brothers
B. Bryan Donkin
C. Nicholas-Louis Robert
D. Milton Reynolds
04/10/21
Quality of a paper related to the
amount of light that can be
transmitted through its surface.
A. Thickness
B. Opacity
C. Translucent
D. Texture
04/10/21
Fundamentally, the grand mission
and objective of document examiner
is to determine and conclude with
scientific basis and technique who
A. Beneficiaries
B. Writer or signatory
C. Master mind
D. Conspirator
04/10/21
In questioned document, it is
where all characteristics are
grouped.
A. Class characteristics
B. Individual characteristics
C. Both A and B
D. Neither
04/10/21
The term used in questioned
document when the writer
removes the pen from the paper.
A. Hiatus
B. Pen pressure
C. Pen lift
D. Pen stop
04/10/21
A writing was written by one
person when there is a sufficient
number of identical writing
habits and the absence of
divergent characteristics. This is
in consonance with
A. Identification
B. Non-identification
C. Either
D. Niether
04/10/21
Embellishment is an example
of
A. Individual Characteristics
B. Class Characteristics
C. Both
D. Niether
04/10/21
Alignment is the relation of the
parts of the whole line of writing
or line of individual letters in
words or signature to the
_________.
A. Writer
B. Paper
C. Pen
D. Baseline
04/10/21
Hiatus is a gap between
strokes due to
A. Speed in writing
B. Defective writing instrument
C. Unevenness of writing materials
D. All
04/10/21
Among the following, which is
not an element of movement?
A. Line Quality
B. Rhythm
C. Speed Freedom
D. emphasis
04/10/21
Writing, done rapidly, will
exhibit no pen lift, except
those at the
04/10/21
The orientation of the writing
instrument is referred to as
A. Pen position
B. Pen hold
C. Pen emphasis
D. Pen orientation
04/10/21
The relation between the tall
and short letters is referred to
as
A. Ratio
B. Proportion
C. Line quality
D. All
04/10/21
What will be produced when the
writer concentrate his attention
on what he is writing rather than
on how the pen point is being
moved?
A. Poor line quality
B. Good line quality
C. Shading
D. Tremor
04/10/21
In questioned document
examination, it is referred to as
the flourishing succession of
motion which are recorded in a
written record.
A. Line quality
B. Rhythm
C. Speed in writing
D. Movement
04/10/21
Slant is the angle or
inclination of the axis of the
letters relative to the
A. Baseline
B. Slope
C. Alignment
D. Staff
04/10/21
Uncommon and well fixed
characteristic that serve as a
fundamental point of
identification.
A. Slant
B. Habit
C. Movement
D. All
04/10/21
Baseline is the ruled or
imaginary line upon which
the writing ______
A. Holds
B. Rests
C. Stays
D. Slants
04/10/21
Among the following, which is
a common defect of forgery?
A. Patching
B. Retracing
C. A and B
D. None
04/10/21
Letters that extend a distance
vertically above the linear
letters.
A. Infra-linear
B. Supra-linear
C. Linear
D. None
04/10/21
The only question to tackle in
this kind of signature forgery
is the determination of the
probable writer of the forgery.
A. Simple forgery
B. Simulated forgery
C. Traced forgery
D. A and B
04/10/21
A kind of signature forgery
where the resemblance of the
questioned signature and
genuine is apparent.
A. Fraudulent
B. Simulated
C. Simple
D. Traced
04/10/21
To identify whether simple
forgery was committed, which of
the following should be
retrieved?
A. Standard signature from the forger
B. Standard of the genuine signature
C. Standard of the person who made the forgery
D. Identity of the forger
04/10/21
One of the following
statements best describe what
a collected standard is.
A. It has the advantage of easily finding it.
B. Attempt to disguise is removed.
C. The accused is aware that the specimen will
be used against him.
D. None
04/10/21
Authenticity of private
documents is not necessary
when
A. It is 30 years old
B. More than 30 years old
C. Less than 30 years old
D. More or less 30 years old
04/10/21
Counterfeit paper bill glows
under ultra violet light.
A. True
B. Partly true
C. False
D. Partly false
04/10/21
During paper manufacture,
the following are included
except
A. Security fiber
B. Watermarks
C. Iridescent band
D. Serial number
04/10/21
Which of the following is not
a crime called forgery?
A. Counterfeit
B. Mutilation
C. Utter
D. Import
04/10/21
When a spurious coin is made,
there is
A. Counterfeiting
B. Uttering
C. Mutilation
D. Importing
04/10/21
Mutilation of coins without the
intent to defraud is
04/10/21
To make false instrument
intended to be passed for the
genuine one is a form of
A. Falsification
B. Forgery
C. Tracing
D. Fraud
04/10/21
An instrument payable to
_______ where it is drawn
payable to the order of a
specified person.
A. Order
B. Bearer
C. Obligations
D. Contract
04/10/21
Which of the following method
should be used in order for the
naked eye to see a charred
document?
A. X-ray
B. Spectrograph
C. Ultra violet
D. Infra red
04/10/21
In questioned document
examination, what are the
irregularities on strokes, shaking
or wavering of strokes?
A. Shakening
B. Tremor
C. Strokes
D. Variation
04/10/21
When bank notes or other
documents payable to bearer
are forged, it is called
A. Forgery
B. Falsification
C. Counterfeiting
D. All
04/10/21
Which of the following security
features of a paper bill does not
react to ultra-violet light?
A. Serial Number
B. Watermark
C. Fluorescent printing
D. Invisible security fibers
04/10/21
Paper is for china while
papyrus is for
A. Sumer
B. China
C. Sumeria
D. Egypt
04/10/21
• IF THE LAW HAS MADE YOU...A
WITNESS, YOU WILL... REMAIN A
MAN OF SCIENCE. YOU HAVE NO
VICTIM TO AVENGE, NO GUILTY OR
INNOCENT TO RUIN OR SAVE. YOU
WILL BEAR WITNESS WITHIN THE
LIMITS OF SCIENCE