TRANSITIVE,INTRANSITI

VE, GERUND,
INFINITIVE, PARTICIPLE
Ms Amna Aslam
Department of humanities and social sciences
Khwaja Fareed UEIT Rahim yar khan
PART1
TRANSITIVE VERB
Transitive verbs are action that have a direct object to receive an action(verbs
that always express doable activities). These verbs always have direct objects,
meaning someone or something receives the action of the verb.
Examples of Transitive Verbs
• Expresses action toward a noun. • The doctor cured(transitive verb)
Ali.(direct object)
• The action passes from the doer (subject) to the • She left (transitive verb) the keys
receiver
(direct object) on the table.
• The word that receives the action of a transitive • She crossed(transitive verb) the
verb is called a direct object. street.(direct object)

• Aiza kicks (transitive verb) a ball.

EXAMPLE: The monkey entertained Eeshan. (direct object)!

*Think…entertained what/who?...Eeshan, so Eeshan is the direct

object.
INTRANSITIVE VERBS

 Intransitive verbs that doesn’t have a direct object to receive that action are
action. Some verbs, such as arrive, go, lie, sneeze, sit, and die, are always
intransitive; it is impossible for a direct object to follow.
 No direct object follows an intransitive verb OR cannot have an objective.e.g
 My car has broke down.
 Tells something about the subject.
 There is no one or nothing receiving the action
HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF
INTRANSITIVE VERBS:

 Ali is sleeping.
 sleeping= intransitive verb.
 To escape the midday sun, the cats lie in the shade under our cars.
 Lie = intransitive verb.
 Around fresh ground pepper, Sheryl sneezes with violence.
 Sneezes = intransitive verb.
 In the evenings, Glenda sits on the front porch to admire her immaculate
lawn.
 Sits = intransitive verb.
 The baby smiled.
 smiled = intransitive verb.
 GERUND (verbal noun)

PART 2
NON FINITE(COULDN’T BE THE MAIN VERB, DON’T INDICATE AS TENSE)
VERBS(GERUND,INFINITIVE,PARTICIPLE)
 A Gerund is the form of verb that ends with the letters “ing”.Such words act like a
noun .e.g in the sentence
 Learning is good habit.(“learning” is gerund. Gerund here is called verbal Noun).

 Some verb can be followed by an infinitive or a gerund.

 Verb+ing+is/was/has/had/Model/V(s,es)+object
 Cooking is an art.
 Talking to that girl will destroy your life.
 Reading improves knowledge.

1. If “ing” form is subject or object then it call gerund.

2. If possessive objecting followed “ing”.
3. Complement (seeing is believing.)
 Preposition + ing(after eating, before having,without going…)
 After having food I went to market.
 I wash my hand before having.
 Without going to Gym , how can you build your body?
 Possessing adj+Gerund
 (verb+ing) e.g. (my touching, my talking, my dancing, my thinking, my calling……)
 He doesn’t like my talking.
 She doesn’t like my calling her at night.
 Examples
 Travelling can be expencive.
The family enjoys travelling.
Anabia was tired of travelling.(object of preposition).
 Use of Gerund:
 Fixed/complete action
 Real action
 Preposition’s object
AFTER CERTAIN WORDS
VERB+ING
LOVE , LIKE , ENJOY , START, AVOID , DELAY , KEEP, HATE,
FORGOT,FINISH ,STOP,BUSY

THESE ARE THE VERBS WHICH HAVE VERB WITH” ING”

• I love eating food.

• I don’t like washing clothes.
• I enjoy shooting videos.
• I continued watching T.V.
• Keep working.
• I forget reading books.
• She is busy cooking food
 INFINITIVE

PART 3
 Use of infinitive:
1. Purpose behind the action.
2. An action is just to happen(unreal\incomplete action).
3. Never become object of preposition.
I want to go.
I agree to help him.
I would like to play.

a. AN INFINITIVE VERB IS ESSENTIALLY THE BASE FORM OF A VERB WITH THE WORD “TO” IN FRONT OF IT. WHEN
YOU USE AN INFINITIVE VERB THE “TO” IS A PART OF VERB.IT IS NOT ACTING AS A PREPOSITION VERB, THE “TO”
IS A PART OF VERB. IT IS NOT USED AS A MAIN VERB BUT USE AS A NOUN ,ADJECTIVE N ADVERB.(TO+VERB’S
BASE FORM
INFINITIVE USED AS A NOUN
ALI LIKES TO PLAY.( HERE TO PLAY WORKS AS AN OBJECT BEHAVES LIKE A NOUN)
I WANT TO WRITE.
TO DANCE IS HER HOBBY.
INFINITIVE PHRASE HAS THREE
FUNCTIONS:
NOUN
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
 • DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GERUND N PRESENT PARTICIPLE

BOTH HAVE IDENTICAL FORM

DIFFERENCE LIES IN THE FUNCTION JOB THE WORDS PLAYS IN THE SENTENCE.
GEREND (VERBAL NOUN) PRESENT PARTICIPLE (VERBLE ADJECTIVE)
VERB ACT AS ADJECTIVE
VERB ACT AS A NOUN AS CONTINUOUS FORM OF VERB
SUBJECT SHE IS COOKING.
OBJECT HE HAS BEEN WAITING.
AFTER PREPOSITION AFTER VERBS OF MOVEMENT OF POSITION(VERB+ING)
USE AFTER CERTAIN WORDS (LIKE,HATEADMIT,IMAGINE) SHE SAT LOOKING AT THE SEA.

I HATE COOKING. I LIKE SINGING IN THE RAIN. AFTER VERBS OF POSITION (VERB+OBJECT+PRESENT
PARTICIPLE)
WE SAW HIM SWIMMING.
AS A AJECTIVE .E.G

EXCITING,BORING,WORRING