Lecture 12

Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that

studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and
the design of the reactors in which they take place.
OBJECT OF THIS CHAPTER

• We discuss reactor selection and general mole balances for

multiple reactions .

• four basic types of multiple reactions: series, parallel,

independent, and complex.

• define the selectivity parameter and discuss how it can be

used to minimize side reactions by proper choice of
operating condition want editions and reactor selection.

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 Lecture 12 – Tuesday 2/19/2013
kD

• Multiple Reactions
A D
kU
A U

• Selectivity and Yield A B C

• Series Reactions A +B C+ D

A +C E

• Complex Reactions

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Types of Multiple Reactions
• Series: (also called competing reactions) are reactions where the reactant is
consumed by two different reaction pathways to form different products:

A→ B → C

• Parallel: (also called connective reactions) are reactions where the reactant forms
an intermediate product, which reacts funher to form another product:

A→D

A→U
• Independent: A→B
C→D

• Complex: A + B →C + D
A+C→E 4

With multiple reactors, either molar flow or number of moles must be used

Independent: reactions that occur at the same time but neither [he products nos
reactants real with themselves or one another

A→B
C→D

Complex: are multiple dons that involves a combination of both series and
parallel reactions, such a

A + B →C + D
A+C→E

Desired and Undesired Reactions We want to get the desired product, D
and avoid the formation of undesired one, U. In the parallel

A→ D
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A→U
Selectivity and Yield
Selectivity tells us how one product is favored over another when
multiple rxns take place.

Instantaneous Overall

Selectivity

Yield

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 Selectivity and Yield
Example:
Desired Product:
Undesired Product:

To maximize the selectivity of D with respect to U run

at high concentration of A and use PFR.
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 Multiple Reactions
A) Mole Balance of each and every species

Flow Batch

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 Multiple Reactions

B) Rates

a) Rate Law for each reaction:

b) Net Rates:

c) Relative Rates:
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 Multiple Reactions

C) Stoichiometry

Gas:

Example: A→B→C
Liquid: (1) A → B k1
(2) B → C k2
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 Batch Series Reactions

1) Mole Balances

V=V0 (constant batch)

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 Batch Series Reactions
Laws

Net rates
2) Rate Laws

Relative rates

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Example:
A→B→C
Batch
C Series
i
Reactions
(1) A→B B C
A
(2) B→C

topt t
1) Mole Balances

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Example: Batch Series Reactions

Laws:

2) Relative:
Rate Laws

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Example: Batch Series Reactions

3) Combine

Species A:

Species B:

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 Example: Batch Series Reactions
Using the integrating factor,

at t = 0, CB=0

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Example: CSTR Series Reactions
ABC
What is the optimal ?
1) Mole Balances
A:

B:

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Example: CSTR Series Reactions
ABC
2) Rate Laws
Laws:

Relative:

Net:

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Example: CSTR Series Reactions
ABC
3) Combine

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Example: CSTR Series Reactions
ABC
Find that gives maximum concentration of B

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End of Lecture 12

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Supplementary Slides

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Blood Coagulation

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Notations

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Notations

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Mole Balances

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Mole Balances

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Mole Balances

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Results

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 Blood
Many metabolic Coagulation
reactions involve a large number of
sequential reactions, such as those that occur in the
coagulation of blood.
Cut → Blood → Clotting

Figure A. Normal Clot Coagulation of blood

(picture courtesy of: Mebs, Venomous and Poisonous
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Animals, Medpharm, Stugart 2002, Page 305)
Schematic of Blood Coagulation

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Cut

A+B

Clot 38